tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-82046722795305522462024-03-21T08:46:48.279-04:00Literature. Drinking. 【文飲】Reconstructing Medieval Chinese WineAlec Storyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00060249149152911264noreply@blogger.comBlogger51125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204672279530552246.post-70790376806957867722021-05-16T12:00:00.010-04:002021-05-23T19:44:33.665-04:00Medicinal Cinnamon "Syrups" from Jujia Biyong<p><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Romance_of_the_Three_Kingdoms">The blog, long updated, must fall silent; long silent, must update. Thus it has ever been.</a></p><p>It's been a year. I've worked on some small brewing projects but mostly my 2020 and early 2021 have been focused on surviving The Plague.</p><p>I was delighted to find a challenge to recreate non-alcoholic beverages as part of the <a href="https://moas.eastkingdom.org/list-of-laurels-challenges/">East Kingdom's Laurel Challenge event</a>, so I went back to the ~1400 CE household manual <i>The Complete Collection of Important Household Skills</i> (Jūjiā Bìyòng 居家必用) and surveyed it for recipes that matched the brief.</p><blockquote><p>While it is common to find medieval food at our feasts and dayboards, medieval beverages tend to be somewhat more limited. Aside from water and alcohol, what might be found and recreated? This challenge asks you to find examples of drinks – with recipes, if possible, and to recreate them, if you are able. As you do, consider whether they can be offered as options for events. Are ingredients a limitation in terms of availability or safety? How would they appeal to the modern palate?</p></blockquote><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZNQiymGcu3pDRQgjeLw7onzTx-ThwBdPTQJ7rZcr9GjVSeRbwCtY3CWQDgcn5RqvBMzq2RlPk81QqLpFj8OiGQqJMFXpHUl5qR5mdirFQMSQFkSSmy5xcLQ_pdf_Gecg5WFIqxxCw9kY/s4032/PXL_20210516_142010913.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZNQiymGcu3pDRQgjeLw7onzTx-ThwBdPTQJ7rZcr9GjVSeRbwCtY3CWQDgcn5RqvBMzq2RlPk81QqLpFj8OiGQqJMFXpHUl5qR5mdirFQMSQFkSSmy5xcLQ_pdf_Gecg5WFIqxxCw9kY/w640-h480/PXL_20210516_142010913.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Left: diluted "lychee" syrup<br />Right: diluted cinnamon "syrup"<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p>I used ctext.org's copy of the manuscript, although it has some digitization problems, so I also referenced two scanned copies that I used to double-check the digitized transcripts of the recipes I chose, <a href="https://archive.org/details/02097176.cn/page/n48/mode/2up">one low-quality scan from Beijing</a> which is probably from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siku_Quanshu">late 1700s imperial reprinting project</a>, and <a href="https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/2580238">a much higher quality scan of a Japanese print</a>. This latter edition is much more pleasant to read, and interestingly also contains <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanbun">annotations</a> alongside the text which help Japanese speakers to reorder the sentence to be approximately grammatical in Japanese.</p><p>The text is long, so I searched it for 飲 "a drink, to drink" and sketched translations of the sections that seemed interesting. At the bottom of this article is a list of what I found, so you can get an idea of the other contents floating around this book. I've also included a table of the units of measurement that I used in these recipes.</p><p>I settled on two recipes from the "syrup" 漿 section, although not all of these are syrups and the term is a bit vague.</p><h2 style="text-align: left;">Recipes</h2><h3 style="text-align: left;">To Make Cinnamon Syrup</h3><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOeGa9mlo-ltD7NyfPv5oLbwT0U7Lfn_8pqpIYPuLAp2uLVeFfzOLgaqFprf6NZGct1emB_qPst4q98by2y8CHvRVhvQpD5CA2NG_l8P-zLbUw7v_ql6B1SKksA0j83TOt6SoUi9Iqf8w/" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="桂漿法 夏月飲之。解渴消痰。勿與酒同飲 官桂三兩為末 赤茯苓去皮為末 細曲末半斤 大麥蘗半兩為末 杏仁百粒浸去皮尖研細 蜜三斤 右用熟水一斗。冷定調勻。入磁器內攪三五百轉。用油紙封口。覆以數重。入窨五日方熟或臘紙密封沉井底七日。綿濾去滓。水浸飲之" data-original-height="1097" data-original-width="744" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOeGa9mlo-ltD7NyfPv5oLbwT0U7Lfn_8pqpIYPuLAp2uLVeFfzOLgaqFprf6NZGct1emB_qPst4q98by2y8CHvRVhvQpD5CA2NG_l8P-zLbUw7v_ql6B1SKksA0j83TOt6SoUi9Iqf8w/w435-h640/image.png" width="435" /></a></div></div><p></p><blockquote><p>Drink this in summer months. It quenches thirst and eliminates phlegm. Do not drink with alcohol.</p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Cassia cinnamon - 3 <i>liang</i> powdered</li><li>Red <i>Wolfiporia extensa</i> - skinned, powdered</li><li>Finely powdered yeast cakes - half a <i>jin</i></li><li>Malted barley - half a <i>liang</i>, powdered</li><li>almond/apricot kernels - 100, soaked, skinned, pointed [?], ground to powder</li><li>Fresh honey - 3 <i>jin</i></li></ul><p></p><p>For the above, use one <i>dou</i> of boiled water. Cool it, and mix evenly. Add it to a porcelain vessel and stir 300-500 rounds. Seal with oil paper. Turn it over a number of times. Put it in the cellar for five days and it will be ready, or use preservation paper, tightly seal it and put it in the bottom of a deep well for seven days. Strain through floss to remove the dregs. Dissolve in water to drink.</p></blockquote><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCFHNoyJN_Fw5_hT7KFqMwOMSU-s5t-ZB7rxA9liiy5Yc_ErKfyClcy3Sfn05248mLUKJglKpL_pcjZD7AsQLcXCPvdwkxrUdeZ7M7LcZBqcQjehzMOIf4LflhLW37MDLV0uPPtbN_Z5Y/" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;"><img alt="荔枝漿 桂三兩 丁香二分 烏梅半斤煎汁 𥕯[石+宿]砂仁三兩銼碎煎汁一升 生姜汁半盞 右件澄清相和。入糖二斤半。銀石器熬候稠濃。濾過用之" data-original-height="540" data-original-width="171" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCFHNoyJN_Fw5_hT7KFqMwOMSU-s5t-ZB7rxA9liiy5Yc_ErKfyClcy3Sfn05248mLUKJglKpL_pcjZD7AsQLcXCPvdwkxrUdeZ7M7LcZBqcQjehzMOIf4LflhLW37MDLV0uPPtbN_Z5Y/w203-h640/image.png" width="203" /></a></h3><p style="text-align: left;">It's not entirely clear what the cooling instruction means in Chinese, and it could be read to mean "mix, then cool" but because this <i>seems</i> intended to introduce living yeast cultures into the liquid, I've chosen to cool the water first so as not to kill them.</p><p style="text-align: left;">For context, this is a medicinal recipe, and the <i>W. extensa</i> fungus is probably the main intent here - it's believed to have diuretic properties in Traditional Chinese Medicine. The mix of yeast cakes (used to make rice wine) and malt is curious, but appears <a href="https://brewing.alecstory.org/2018/04/imperial-style-thirst-water.html">elsewhere</a> in this manuscript, and I think that it's because the author didn't really understand what causes fermentation specifically, so they added both malt and the saccharifying yeast cakes, even though they're just using honey anyway.<br /></p><h3 style="text-align: left;">"Lychee" Syrup</h3><div><blockquote><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><i>Gui</i> [either cassia cinnamon or osmanthus, unclear but probably cinnamon] - 3 <i>liang</i></li><li>Cloves - two <i>fen</i></li><li>Black <i>Prunus mume</i> - half a <i>jin</i>, boiled juice</li><li><i>Amomum villosum</i> - 3 <i>liang</i>, filed and crushed, boiled to juice, taking one <i>sheng</i></li><li>Fresh ginger juice - half a wine cup</li></ul></div><div>Take the above items pure, then mix. Add two and half <i>jin</i> of sugar. In a silver stone vessel, boil until thick. Filter and use.</div></blockquote><div></div><p style="text-align: left;">Note: after publication, <a href="https://kasiagromek.com/author/kasiagromek/" target="_blank">a friend of mine</a> pointed out that the <i>gui</i> in this recipe is in their view most likely osmanthus (<i>Osmanthus fragrans</i>) fruits. I have the flowers, but not the fruits, so this will be a challenge to source, but worth revisiting. They reportedly have a similar camphor aroma to the <i>Amomum villosum</i>.</p><p style="text-align: left;"><i>Prunus mume</i> is a sour fruit (actually an apricot, but usually called a plum) that you may be familiar with from <i>umeshu</i>, the Japanese plum wine. It's pretty sour, and before vinegar became popular in China in the first millennium was the primary source of culinary acid in Chinese cuisine.</p><h2 style="text-align: left;">Redactions</h2><div>The recipes are fairly straight forward. I scaled them down by a factor of 10, and a factor of 4 to be a reasonable quantity, and to not exhaust some of my rarer ingredients.</div><h3 style="text-align: left;">Cinnamon Syrup</h3><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy0g1tcY_Nqqei_tlituq9WmvZf6Mms8IaF71MgR-lVYbRMHJBSJmeD8pOSAh46teafFoiKoFvqNFMKmjYbLd83zEux6qQzt796YhtidXC-fSPmgYVXOlrO3ZodneNQnzVCXagf2zgfOA/s4032/PXL_20210511_012118890.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="The listed ingredients arranged in bowls" border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy0g1tcY_Nqqei_tlituq9WmvZf6Mms8IaF71MgR-lVYbRMHJBSJmeD8pOSAh46teafFoiKoFvqNFMKmjYbLd83zEux6qQzt796YhtidXC-fSPmgYVXOlrO3ZodneNQnzVCXagf2zgfOA/w400-h300/PXL_20210511_012118890.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The ingredients prepared</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBJnhjEya064GkPXO_ONK7ADkgxK_ojJXLrAsjBWJzAdZkwUN6PDbI3SEs6xvqkQ5hHfdMKhW0OVlkdkHd-lOVHIV8BJ9n24_uSqXYcOliemmunLPGytgcT1ELTlpJJYUuKyeQtdXgSdQ/s4032/PXL_20210511_012337145.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBJnhjEya064GkPXO_ONK7ADkgxK_ojJXLrAsjBWJzAdZkwUN6PDbI3SEs6xvqkQ5hHfdMKhW0OVlkdkHd-lOVHIV8BJ9n24_uSqXYcOliemmunLPGytgcT1ELTlpJJYUuKyeQtdXgSdQ/w400-h300/PXL_20210511_012337145.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Grinding the yeast cakes</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRH840jQlGAjV0Nk3F4RjGDv-EEoiRvtj2FUzdhQonHHLPID1XwXapt2MXy2wiEZQ21OF2xxshHVEx5l71t0psQYi08kQrGqK4sENaJacFycoRM_PFP4y603EUgXHreobeBzHzh7Nl1E0/s4032/PXL_20210511_013448034.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRH840jQlGAjV0Nk3F4RjGDv-EEoiRvtj2FUzdhQonHHLPID1XwXapt2MXy2wiEZQ21OF2xxshHVEx5l71t0psQYi08kQrGqK4sENaJacFycoRM_PFP4y603EUgXHreobeBzHzh7Nl1E0/w400-h300/PXL_20210511_013448034.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Boiling water</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtDDejXBCFzXz1b46zealSFzGsuWl9oaq8hTLsqy80Wp4SwAmOhzoCCTasQc6TDFP17A26azv8-OHdCfkQgetdL2HsFDrTqKokOrbtEP0uh8lrkYa__j36C5BgxIs-N7jP_ViJdUgYFtM/s4032/PXL_20210511_024437337.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtDDejXBCFzXz1b46zealSFzGsuWl9oaq8hTLsqy80Wp4SwAmOhzoCCTasQc6TDFP17A26azv8-OHdCfkQgetdL2HsFDrTqKokOrbtEP0uh8lrkYa__j36C5BgxIs-N7jP_ViJdUgYFtM/w400-h300/PXL_20210511_024437337.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Everything ready to mix</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNnNEbinLle_tuLjS4UfetR6kstI4YgIur0J4DX5F-JtlV1yJ714XPQ4Go9YHfSeFbTQLH4aEnKQi6iYXl_MykKw4Hi2uwaB87wJlGSCDdjOWjRdPhqADmuJjw7qQ9sOFkVsQtsk0D7VA/s4032/PXL_20210511_025857890.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNnNEbinLle_tuLjS4UfetR6kstI4YgIur0J4DX5F-JtlV1yJ714XPQ4Go9YHfSeFbTQLH4aEnKQi6iYXl_MykKw4Hi2uwaB87wJlGSCDdjOWjRdPhqADmuJjw7qQ9sOFkVsQtsk0D7VA/w300-h400/PXL_20210511_025857890.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The bottle</td></tr></tbody></table><div><div><br /></div><div><div><ul style="text-align: left;"><li>Ground cassia cinnamon: 12g</li><li><i>White</i> Wolfiporia extensa, ground: 12g</li><ul><li>I was only able to source this from online Asian medicine suppliers, and could not find the red variety.</li></ul><li>Finely ground yeast cakes: 32g</li><ul><li>I used yeast cakes I made previously following the <a href="https://brewing.alecstory.org/2017/08/new-yeast-cakes.html">544 CE recipe</a>. The recipes in this book are broadly similar, and the production process takes months and stinks up the house, so I used what I had on hand.</li></ul><li>Ground malted wheat: 2g</li><ul><li>The recipe calls for barley, but I couldn't get that on short notice. Malted wheat is similar and quantity involved is tiny.</li></ul><li>Almond flour: 12g</li><ul><li>I weighed an almond to determine how much this should be. I would have ground them myself but was out of raw almonds.</li></ul><li>Honey: 190g</li><li>Boiled water: 950mL</li></ul><div>Boil water and let cool to room temperature or a little above. Mix ingredients thoroughly and then place in an inert vessel. Cover mouth with wax paper and tie with string. Leave in a cool place (I used a semi-broken refrigerator compartment) for 5 days. Separate a cotton ball or two, place them gently in a funnel, decant liquid into funnel and filter. Keep refrigerated.</div></div></div><div><br /></div><div>To drink, dilute 1:3 in water</div><div><br /></div><div>This produces a slightly alcoholic product - if let ferment to completion it could come out as high as 7%, but it won't reach that in a cool place. Diluted it'll be around 1% or less. </div><h3 style="text-align: left;">"Lychee" Syrup</h3><div>This syrup does not in fact contain lychees. It did wind up having kind of an unexplainable lychee quality, but left me wondering if I should have used osmanthus flowers (the other kind of <i>gui</i>) instead of cinnamon.</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIWgepgOJmCW3mvj1yLPUXk1UjLUkh4ZP6sfJ3QdKZEi4lg0cJeYOsjuhKw0c7-GuYLiR3MAFgD7x9VW3G44pmq5nLuzSoX5dyzyAthQ_TESWNh9GLp1AEUoaZ9EavAMFv0TqKmLMrFro/s4032/PXL_20210515_164745858.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIWgepgOJmCW3mvj1yLPUXk1UjLUkh4ZP6sfJ3QdKZEi4lg0cJeYOsjuhKw0c7-GuYLiR3MAFgD7x9VW3G44pmq5nLuzSoX5dyzyAthQ_TESWNh9GLp1AEUoaZ9EavAMFv0TqKmLMrFro/w400-h300/PXL_20210515_164745858.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The ingredients</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiki8aAs_VQAqRjzXWhlqb74hzWxs068WzZLPiwX8cicPjr2Gr_n2UDUq-D-9tPKJHhZa07HM9akq5JBY1aLQy3w0ic6kWWF1tICK0V5Xbqxgioiac6X9U3oQTNGi-LyIkBAPk_jsumIwI/s4032/PXL_20210515_161927078.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiki8aAs_VQAqRjzXWhlqb74hzWxs068WzZLPiwX8cicPjr2Gr_n2UDUq-D-9tPKJHhZa07HM9akq5JBY1aLQy3w0ic6kWWF1tICK0V5Xbqxgioiac6X9U3oQTNGi-LyIkBAPk_jsumIwI/w400-h300/PXL_20210515_161927078.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This is <i>sharen</i>, the fruit of <i>Amomum villosum</i></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi86cz3Euu2jcjXGmXjnEP6GI8rKjAIfgTKc9a17fh5L3ZD0k17SPQ5AfB93Sx-KgDifGwejO8UU-3nUo9jE6vbdkCbXEkSCM7_eWj6ykobEmNgp8PiC4bpjb2hpe20Clc-bkLGTU3ouMo/s4032/PXL_20210515_162748398.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi86cz3Euu2jcjXGmXjnEP6GI8rKjAIfgTKc9a17fh5L3ZD0k17SPQ5AfB93Sx-KgDifGwejO8UU-3nUo9jE6vbdkCbXEkSCM7_eWj6ykobEmNgp8PiC4bpjb2hpe20Clc-bkLGTU3ouMo/w400-h300/PXL_20210515_162748398.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">30g of shelled <i>Amomum villosum</i>, and their shells</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnKSMHT_YeZOHk8JeiYbgqnfe65Q5qQ5ncSgjvfzB_FIOKtLYU0XbA2Qy72w8VL4mAoRiORGTyoIdnhbgVwBycCNHMhCk6PDkgdVKFDhYlM7vZN0yNl0z_2AfML_RCPG1xV-vExXAVLuo/s4032/PXL_20210515_165754508.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnKSMHT_YeZOHk8JeiYbgqnfe65Q5qQ5ncSgjvfzB_FIOKtLYU0XbA2Qy72w8VL4mAoRiORGTyoIdnhbgVwBycCNHMhCk6PDkgdVKFDhYlM7vZN0yNl0z_2AfML_RCPG1xV-vExXAVLuo/w300-h400/PXL_20210515_165754508.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Amomum villosum</i> grounds ready to boil</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhd3sbApRVjh2-kT8scAPtzRseFeu30TVX6nHIYHVOiylByP_9QBubmSenOR8hpYNwlQ55MmtWtVN8B6D6ifPAWHjt0_0mxbGM2VgKY2D93wDExRNGoPY_AcN3dhpdhbQde8DAl1CxNlA/s4032/PXL_20210515_171346217.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhd3sbApRVjh2-kT8scAPtzRseFeu30TVX6nHIYHVOiylByP_9QBubmSenOR8hpYNwlQ55MmtWtVN8B6D6ifPAWHjt0_0mxbGM2VgKY2D93wDExRNGoPY_AcN3dhpdhbQde8DAl1CxNlA/w400-h300/PXL_20210515_171346217.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Boiling dried <i>Prunus mume</i></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXaPtV1hdG75_QGH_7seHSmlSCpGD-ah71gKWwLcapNylc9cP6e1GJGvSpB1yl0b2ag3dEj_jftvsNimOsnk4GbLHlY9B97b4wOKlqCrrmdwTZp7osnfIuCT1cQ_6GarR0ChetRttuuJs/s4032/PXL_20210516_005625879.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXaPtV1hdG75_QGH_7seHSmlSCpGD-ah71gKWwLcapNylc9cP6e1GJGvSpB1yl0b2ag3dEj_jftvsNimOsnk4GbLHlY9B97b4wOKlqCrrmdwTZp7osnfIuCT1cQ_6GarR0ChetRttuuJs/w400-h300/PXL_20210516_005625879.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Left: <i>Prunus mume</i> decoction<br />Right: <i>sharen</i> decoction</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOLwO8Kjy95-LwXzxv6TxmpAWt4U0MMm-43MNtX8oBqVjs0PpTUyVJGk-B8KXfpKNe3FiC23tvaXaIGh25Ngr8vAAzpbLL0FUxcHBr4ZTCYtn47hc7-TXUwu00yXN5H4DZ0DHlH7S771o/s4032/PXL_20210516_005725378.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOLwO8Kjy95-LwXzxv6TxmpAWt4U0MMm-43MNtX8oBqVjs0PpTUyVJGk-B8KXfpKNe3FiC23tvaXaIGh25Ngr8vAAzpbLL0FUxcHBr4ZTCYtn47hc7-TXUwu00yXN5H4DZ0DHlH7S771o/w400-h300/PXL_20210516_005725378.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Everything mixed together</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigX0rannopbEzP1Pb_6VYfQJ5BNJ7PEu0Ba_tS_oIoD5InBiKT4DA8zDUlVAz7UsNNNxm4TK32iwkppeL3yKwWRrb9j_g7aEBSfUkNfU_2Litn_ekoe-DgQep71D3SIGLURVNwVOvA-Yo/s4032/PXL_20210516_020447613.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigX0rannopbEzP1Pb_6VYfQJ5BNJ7PEu0Ba_tS_oIoD5InBiKT4DA8zDUlVAz7UsNNNxm4TK32iwkppeL3yKwWRrb9j_g7aEBSfUkNfU_2Litn_ekoe-DgQep71D3SIGLURVNwVOvA-Yo/w300-h400/PXL_20210516_020447613.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Syrup very slowly filtering. To get most of the rest out I resorted to the microwave, which worked well.</td></tr></tbody></table><div><ul><li>Ground cassia cinnamon: 30g</li><ul><li>As noted, this could possibly be intended to be dried osmanthus flowers, which I also have, but given the placement next to another cinnamon recipe, and that osmanthus flowers are usually "<i>gui </i>flowers" not just "<i>gui</i>" I went with cinnamon.</li></ul><li>Cloves: 0.2g</li><ul><li>This was literally three cloves.</li></ul><li>Dried <i>Prunus mume</i>: 79g, boiled with the juice taken</li><ul><li>These are <i>hard</i> to source. Chinatown grocers and pharmacies have them, but they almost all have aspartame, an artificial sweetener, in them for some reason I do not understand. The ones I found after long searching "only" had sugar, salt and citric acid added.</li></ul><li>Ground <i>Amomum villosum</i> seeds: 30g, boiled down to 238 mL, taking the juice</li><ul><li>These are a cardamom relative with a camphor-like aroma.</li><li>These are also quite hard to source. My stash was purchased after spending a long time hunting them on online traditional medicine sites.</li></ul><li>Fresh ginger juice: 12.5mL</li><ul><li>Juicing ginger with a mortar and pestle is unpleasant and I cannot honestly recommend it.</li></ul><li>Rock sugar: 396g</li></ul></div>Vigorously boil the <i>Amomum villosum</i> in ~300ml of water until it reduces a bit. Boil the <i>Prunus mume</i> in enough water to cover them until they soften, then take them out cut them into a few pieces and keep boiling until they are flavorless. Mix everything together and boil until thick, or until a candy thermometer reads 230 degrees F / 110 degrees C. Loosen one or two cotton balls and place them as a filter in a heatproof funnel over a heatproof vessel. Swiftly but carefully pour the hot syrup into the funnel and let drain. If it stops flowing, microwaving the apparatus will quickly loosen the syrup, at the cost of authenticity.</div><div><br /></div><div>Cooking the syrup to 230F was about where it began to feel "thick" but is also the temperature needed to make something that's shelf-stable unrefrigerated - it's the "thread" stage of candymaking. If you make this, be really careful when boiling the syrup, as it's easy to boil over, especially if you're using a ceramic pot like I was. Keep a cup of cold water on hand to douse the boil if it threatens to spill.<br /><h2 style="text-align: left;">Results</h2></div><div>Having the syrups side by side was interesting. They both have strong cinnamon notes, but are different.</div><div><br /></div><div>The cinnamon "syrup" is not at all thick. When diluted, it has an odd mushroom aroma that may be from the <i>Wolfiporia extensa</i>, but I have also gotten it from misadventures with the yeast cakes before so that may be the source. A red-hot cinnamon aroma accompanies the mushrooms. There's no grit in it at all. It's lightly sweet and sour in a pleasant way, with a faint cinnamon heat. The mushroom smell persists on the palate, along with a slightly unpleasant medicinal smell. Overall: 4/10, would not totally regret drinking but this is clearly a medicine and not a casual drink.</div><div><br /></div><div>The "lychee" syrup is very different when diluted. It has a strong cinnamon nose, with some additional complexity that isn't cinnamon (I blame the <i>Amomum villosum</i>). The drink is quite sweet, but not cloying, balanced with a mild acidity. Interestingly, it has a very rich mouthfeel, which I think is from the <i>Prunus mume</i> - the broth from the plums had a rich thickness, and also the acidity that I think is making this drink work. That richness and acidity provides a slight reminiscence of lychee fruit. There's a slight amount of grit from cinnamon that didn't get filtered out, and a slight warming feel. On the palate, there's a round cinnamon aroma, plus a bit of camphor from the <i>Amomum villosum</i>. Overall: 7/10, would drink, will experiment with it in cocktails.</div><h2 style="text-align: left;">Discussion</h2><div>The challenge asks me to consider the appropriateness of these drinks for use at a reenactment event. I think the cinnamon "syrup" is not really the right thing: it is not pleasant enough, is slightly alcoholic, requires obscure mushroom powder, and feels like medicine. The "lychee" syrup would work decently, especially if filtered better, although ingredient access is a problem. A version using cardamom instead of <i>Amomum villosum</i> would be interesting to try, although it would be quite different. The ginger and cloves can probably be omitted, and table sugar instead of rock sugar will probably produce identical results. Because it's so sweet, I think there's little challenge to the modern palate.</div><span><a name='more'></a></span><h2 style="text-align: left;">Translation</h2><p>I'll note the titles of recipes below, rather than dumping the whole thing. CText breaks the text into chunks arbitrarily - they don't align with the scroll divisions of the text. I've included links and the line numbers so that interested readers can cross-reference the source material easily.</p><p><a href="https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&chapter=321115">https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&chapter=321115</a> Table of contents</p><p>328 夢飲食瓜果蔬菜 dreams of drink, food, gourds, fruit, vegetables</p><p>957 造清涼飲法 to make cooling waters</p><p>1071 飲食類 food and drink</p><p>1150 飲食類 food and drink</p><p>1555 車前子飲 <i>Plantago</i> seed drink</p><p>1557 枸杞飲方 receipt for goji berry drink</p><p>1561 兔頭飲方 receipt for rabbit head drink</p><p>1571 赤白皮飲 red-white skin drink</p><p>1590 車前子飲 before-the-cart drink</p><p>1597 茱萸飲方 receipt for <i>Cornus officinalis</i> drink</p><p>1604 麻子飲方 receipt for hempseed drink</p><p>1637 痰飲証諸方 all receipts for drinks which admonish phlegm</p><p>1645 青蒿飲 <i>Artemisia annua</i> drink</p><p>1655 常山飲 Changshan drink</p><p>1802 飲食 food, drink</p><p>1907 a discourse on etiquette. One bit: “When drinking wine: do not allow yourself to reach drunkenness. When using the toilet: you must first remove your outer clothes, and after must wash your hands. When walking at night, you must use a lantern or candle, and if you do not have a candle, stop. When dealing with servants, you must hold firm, or else they will laugh. When holding household utensils, you must hold firm, for fear of loss. When there is danger, do not near it. When you encounter an elder on the road, you must bow and clasp your hands in an upright fashion. Quickly approach with small steps and a bowed head and bow. When lying at night, you must use a pillow. Do not cover your head with your sleepclothes. When eating and drinking, when you raise your spoon you must place your chopsticks. When you raise your chopsticks, you must place your spoon. After eating, place the spoon and the chopsticks on the table.”</p><p>1984 food and drink must be moderate “... do not drink more than three jue [a kind of cup], do not reach drunkenness”</p><p><a href="https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&chapter=51140">https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&chapter=51140</a></p><p>~600 is some notes around various specific rituals involving drinking and eating</p><p><a href="https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&chapter=516702">https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&chapter=516702</a></p><p>~300+ This is a list of dream interpretations</p><p>459 Dreaming of drinking with folks -> misunderstanding caused by gossip</p><p>463 Dreaming of drinking to drunkenness -> illness</p><p><a href="https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&chapter=137521">https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&chapter=137521</a></p><p>Large section on tea starting at 373</p><p>400 Goji Tea</p><p>413 Section on hot waters</p><p>530 Is Sharbats / Sherberts / Thirst Waters, which I have previously worked in</p><p>531 <a href="https://brewing.alecstory.org/2018/04/imperial-style-thirst-water.html">Imperial sharbat</a></p><p><a href="https://brewing.alecstory.org/2018/07/two-thirst-waters-for-pennsic.html">536 <i>Malus asiatica</i> sharbat</a></p><p><a href="https://brewing.alecstory.org/2018/07/two-thirst-waters-for-pennsic.html">538 <i>Myrica rubra</i> sharbat</a></p><p><a href="https://brewing.alecstory.org/2019/07/five-sharbats-for-crown-arts-and.html">540 Quince sharbat</a></p><p><a href="https://brewing.alecstory.org/2019/07/five-sharbats-for-crown-arts-and.html">542 Five flavor berry sharbat</a></p><p><a href="https://brewing.alecstory.org/2019/07/five-sharbats-for-crown-arts-and.html">544 Grape sharbat</a></p><p>546 Fragrant sugar sharbat - I had previously thought this was "pine" sugar - but it was an OCR error! "pine sugar" and "loose sugar" are homophones and the characters are similar. Thanks to my friends who helped me spot this.</p><p>548 To make refreshing drinks</p><p>549 Awaken Qi and invigorate the spirit</p><p>552 Hot drinks - cross reference <a href="https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/2580236?tocOpened=1">https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/2580236?tocOpened=1</a> around page 25</p><p>553 Millet [<i>Setaria italica</i>, possibly sorghum] stalk hot water</p><p>555 Shiso hot water</p><p>557 Cardamom hot water</p><p>559 <i>Aquilaria agallocha</i> hot water</p><p>561 Fragrant flower hot water</p><p>563 Clove hot water</p><p>565 To make hot waters.</p><p>567 Vinegars / syrups</p><p>568 To Make Cinnamon Syrup</p><p>574 "Lychee" syrup</p><p>578 Chinese Quince Syrup</p><p>580 To make vinegars/syrups</p><p>670 Yeast cakes</p><p><a href="https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&chapter=407085">https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&chapter=407085</a></p><p>8 distilling</p><p>99 Soy-type sauces</p><p>183 food and drink</p><p>184 vegetarian food</p><p>352 food and drink</p><p>369 Wine roasted fish</p><p>493 Muslim foods</p><p><a href="https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&chapter=460386">https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&chapter=460386</a></p><p>Medicines</p><p>208 <i>Plantago asiatica</i> seed drink</p><p>214 Receipt for goji berry drink</p><p>218 Receipt for Barley Broth</p><p>There’s more in here</p><p><a href="https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&chapter=269718">https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&chapter=269718</a></p><p>364 “Drinking in the 5-7 am hour. One day of unhappiness.”</p><span><!--more--></span><h2 style="text-align: left;">Units of Measure</h2><div>Yuan and Ming dynasty units of measure - this book is transitional, but I used the Yuan measurements because they are slightly easier to work with mathematically. For the wine cup, I measured the <a href="http://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O93663/stemcup-unknown/">replica</a> wine cups I have and they are 100 mL. They're about 1000 years early, but should be approximately representative.</div><span id="docs-internal-guid-89375772-7fff-b5cf-8745-e029ea854c90"><h4 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 4pt; margin-top: 14pt;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">王力古漢語字典</span></h4><div align="left" dir="ltr" style="margin-left: 0pt;"><table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; table-layout: fixed; width: 468pt;"><colgroup><col></col><col></col><col></col><col></col></colgroup><tbody><tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-style: solid; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; border-width: 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-style: solid; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; border-width: 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><br /></td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-style: solid; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; border-width: 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Yuan</span></p></td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-style: solid; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; border-width: 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ming</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height: 22pt;"><td rowspan="3" style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-style: solid; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; border-width: 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt; vertical-align: middle;"><br /><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Weight</span></p></td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-style: solid; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; border-width: 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">斤 </span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">jin</span></p></td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-style: solid; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; border-width: 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">633g</span></p></td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-style: solid; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; border-width: 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">590g</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height: 22pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-style: solid; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; border-width: 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">兩 </span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">liang</span></p></td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-style: solid; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; border-width: 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">40g</span></p></td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-style: solid; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; border-width: 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">36.9g</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height: 22pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-style: solid; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; border-width: 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">分 </span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">fen</span></p></td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-style: solid; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; border-width: 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">0.4g</span></p></td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-style: solid; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; border-width: 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">0.37g</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-style: solid; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; border-width: 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Volume</span></p></td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-style: solid; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; border-width: 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">斗 </span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dou</span></p></td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-style: solid; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; border-width: 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">9500mL</span></p></td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-style: solid; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; border-width: 1pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><p dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">10000 mL</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div></span>Alec Storyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00060249149152911264noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204672279530552246.post-40363946485487503882019-07-07T16:49:00.000-04:002019-07-07T16:49:02.904-04:00Five Sharbats for Crown Arts and Sciences<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLazDt0GcFgB_qApAbSY0LaSFscWYdmm1GEfB_E0Oh1xpDQoWqJngMXfgtgw58udcvFSrJ0N83K8Uvmoeld3MxWHleue-4fgXsxEp34dkcRNC-nDAXFsU3Bx7JUAVsjsGh9EQsF3RmNIE/s1600/FB_IMG_1553998718105.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLazDt0GcFgB_qApAbSY0LaSFscWYdmm1GEfB_E0Oh1xpDQoWqJngMXfgtgw58udcvFSrJ0N83K8Uvmoeld3MxWHleue-4fgXsxEp34dkcRNC-nDAXFsU3Bx7JUAVsjsGh9EQsF3RmNIE/s320/FB_IMG_1553998718105.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
Back in March, I competed in the Crown's Arts and Sciences Championship, and with the assistance of <a href="https://sundries.alecstory.org/2019/05/putting-it-all-together-late-14th.html">my dazzling outfit</a> managed to charm the judges into giving me one of the two winning spots! I'm honored to have won: the competition was very strong.<br />
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I've been a little remiss in updating the blog because the world is falling apart, but I'm back! And I want to share both what I put together for the competition, and my actual documentation so that others can see at least one approach that seems to work ok.<br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vSM2ad2HcbAPuwztQ8iandDuzlB8kxjzWHRLVpy7LMTF6jhLOQ_8JODgG9qk0jLMCtht6USFqu4D-fq/pub">Documentation</a>.</div>
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I wanted to brew a selection of thirst-waters / sharbats as my entry. The competition judges one entry or several as a single body of work, so it wasn't strictly necessary, but part of the story that I wanted to tell was the spread of sharbats out of Central Asia and establishing them as a drink shared across 8,000 miles, from Andalusia to China.<br />
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It turns out that it's a little hard to draw a direct linguistic line between sekenjabin in cookbooks like <a href="http://www.daviddfriedman.com/Medieval/Cookbooks/Andalusian/andalusian_contents.htm" style="font-style: italic;">The Anonymous Andalusian</a>, but it seems pretty clear to me that this concept of a sugar syrup with a souring agent and some other flavoring is the core idea here. So to do this study, I made:<br />
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<ol>
<li>Three sharbats from <i>Essential Arts for Household Living</i>: five-flavor berry, grape, and quince</li>
<li><a href="https://brewing.alecstory.org/2018/04/yuan-dynasty-bochet-lemonade.html">One sharbat</a> from the poem discussed earlier. This was actually the same syrup, because why do more work?</li>
<li>One Egyptian/Levantine quince-lemon-sugar-saffron-rosewater syrup from <i>Kitab Wasf al-At’imah al-Mu’tada</i>. While this isn't explicitly called a sharbat, it's striking how similar it is to the quince-honey syrup from <i>Essential Arts</i>. Also, it's delicious.</li>
</ol>
<div>
I'm not going to include the recipes here because they're in the documentation, but I do want to discuss some of my thought process.</div>
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<div>
I was lucky enough to be able to source the quinces from H-mart, and set to work back in November. I made enough of the quince-lemon syrup to serve at the Mudthaw feast, which was a nice addition I thought. <a href="https://sableroseblog.wordpress.com/2018/03/28/laimun-safarjali-quince-lemon-syrup/">Some other SCA bloggers</a> have made the syrup as well, and were my inspiration in choosing it.</div>
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I chose the five-flavor berry because it's delicious, and because it's fairly easy to get the dried berries from a Chinese grocery store near me. The recipe seems to expect them to be dried, and I like that I'm able to make it easily and stick to the recipe closely. Also, it's delicious and I need to make some for Pennsic.</div>
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The grape syrup was a by-product of some winemaking that I did this fall: diverting a pint or so of fresh-foot-crushed grape juice was easy. I wish that I'd been able to get an understanding of period Chinese grapes better, rather than just using Zinfandel, but it's a little rough for me to set up my own viticulture on my balcony.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div>
The quinces were interesting. Quinces are like the world's worst apples: they're mealy and not really sweet when raw. But after cooking, particularly cooking in sugar, they turn a beautiful red-purple color and get a gorgeous rose aroma. The Chinese recipe just cooks them in honey which is straightforward, but isn't quite as good. The candied quince pieces produced as a byproduct are delicious, though!</div>
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<div>
The Egyptian/Levantine recipe is more complicated and less concentrated, so you get delicious rose poached quinces rather than candied ones. The syrup is <i>fantastic</i>, so find me at Pennsic because I've got half a gallon of the stuff and will need help figuring out which kind of rum goes best in it.</div>
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One interesting thing I'm realizing in this sharbat process is that a lot of the Chinese recipes direct you to 熬至滴入水不散 "When boiling, drip into water so that it is not dissipated." At first I thought this just meant "boil until it's concentrated enough to not lose its flavor when diluted," but after cooking several of these I think it might actually be more like directions for cooking jams and candies. This is similar to cooking to a "soft-ball" stage in candy-making. I'll return to this idea in my next post, which will discuss a kumquat syrup.<br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.</span></div>
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Alec Storyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00060249149152911264noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204672279530552246.post-53343190901882096732018-07-23T22:24:00.000-04:002019-07-07T16:47:54.823-04:00Two Thirst-Waters for Pennsic<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhItzL92yXkSqPKmfO9w6VYia7TKa4OT_xSQ90xAveqjFdyMnvKYmxZQeSfbba91k6YLbPeOx9Hgpej50EWVHDxLrsFaD5_W4z89ypboOkZ2dDJwk1WjvHZCqWwevObnq3d3iRQxON4XQ/s1600/MVIMG_20180723_202219.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhItzL92yXkSqPKmfO9w6VYia7TKa4OT_xSQ90xAveqjFdyMnvKYmxZQeSfbba91k6YLbPeOx9Hgpej50EWVHDxLrsFaD5_W4z89ypboOkZ2dDJwk1WjvHZCqWwevObnq3d3iRQxON4XQ/s320/MVIMG_20180723_202219.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
With the success of my <a href="https://www.facebook.com/">first</a> <a href="https://brewing.alecstory.org/2018/04/yuan-dynasty-bochet-lemonade.html">two</a> thirst-waters, I wanted to follow up on the rest of them from <a href="https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&res=482245" style="font-style: italic;">The Compendium of Essential Arts for Family Living</a>. I made the first one, which was really a short mead (and reused the spices and yeast to make a very nice plausibly-historical metheglin), but that leaves six thirst-waters to try: <i>Malus asiatica</i>, Chinese strawberry, Chinese quince, five-flavor [berry], grape, and fragrant sugar.<br />
<br />
Chinese quinces are pretty hard to get, and the fragrant sugar one has some pretty unclear bits. I can get grape juice, but getting <i>Vitis vinifera</i>, the European grape, is rough in the summer: American grapes make up most commercial grape juice, and they have a really distinctive flavor that wouldn't be appropriate for Chinese grapes, which would be <i>vinifera</i>.<br />
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When I was looking through Manhattan Chinatown grocery stores, I came across a bag of five flavor berries:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0G_0DP7DWyJfV4MgCc4rrWcwgQb2Z_Gp7ZAoY6twp1qt19UnrAz4-TcI2ykc-czPB_hRV5UVif7vPEv7wdLlUEN8cgNrLCqpE-QGq8C0nWYK3eH-UGZeFHoTPdGPbv4oZXRkVozqerYY/s1600/MVIMG_20180624_221236.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0G_0DP7DWyJfV4MgCc4rrWcwgQb2Z_Gp7ZAoY6twp1qt19UnrAz4-TcI2ykc-czPB_hRV5UVif7vPEv7wdLlUEN8cgNrLCqpE-QGq8C0nWYK3eH-UGZeFHoTPdGPbv4oZXRkVozqerYY/s320/MVIMG_20180624_221236.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
Meanwhile, I remembered that I had picked a quantity of young ornamental crabapples back in 2017 and had them frozen - I was originally going to use these in cider, but the opportunity here was pretty good. They're not <i>Malus asiatica</i>, but they're probably not so far off: sour, tannic, and not heavily bred for flavor.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmInaHryMxdwmNgGhHKBNNpv4GbwuDxicN_S39iMUtMSRGhK66psyEAQiCzu_nV7fmyRGepU-KJyBmyEenlhScrsOJ4ycte-tIyFoEPlkv8cszafdesxSa3Io0bAaE0X8QcAMUz-rzdjM/s1600/MVIMG_20180709_073516.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmInaHryMxdwmNgGhHKBNNpv4GbwuDxicN_S39iMUtMSRGhK66psyEAQiCzu_nV7fmyRGepU-KJyBmyEenlhScrsOJ4ycte-tIyFoEPlkv8cszafdesxSa3Io0bAaE0X8QcAMUz-rzdjM/s320/MVIMG_20180709_073516.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<h2>
Recipes</h2>
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<a href="http://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&chapter=137521#" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">542</span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">五味渴水</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Five-Flavor Thirst-Water</span></div>
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<a href="http://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&chapter=137521#" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">543</span></a></div>
</td><td style="border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(204, 204, 204) rgb(204, 204, 204); border-style: solid; border-width: 0.75pt; padding: 2pt 0pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">北五味子肉一兩為率。滾湯浸一宿。取汁同煎、下濃豆汁對當的顏色恰好。同煉熟蜜對入。酸甜得中。慢火同熬一時許。涼熱任用</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 0.75pt; padding: 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Take in proportion one <i>liang</i> of the meat from northern five-flavor fruit [</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Schisandra chinensis</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">]. Soak in water at a rolling boil and let steep [off the heat] overnight. Take the juice and simmer it together, and add thick bean juice until it is the right color. Add well-refined honey so that it’s sweet and sour. Boil over a slow fire for perhaps two hours. Serve cool or warm.</span></div>
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<a href="http://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&chapter=137521#" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">536</span></a></div>
</td><td style="border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-style: solid; border-width: 0.75pt; padding: 2pt 0pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">林檎渴水</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-style: solid; border-width: 0.75pt; padding: 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chinese Pear-Leaf Crabapple [Malus asiatica] Thirst-water</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 18pt;"><td style="border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-style: solid; border-width: 0.75pt; padding: 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<a href="http://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&chapter=137521#" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">537</span></a></div>
</td><td style="border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204) rgb(0, 0, 0) rgb(204, 204, 204) rgb(204, 204, 204); border-style: solid; border-width: 0.75pt; padding: 2pt 0pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">林檎微生者不計多少擂碎。以滾湯就竹器放定擂碎林檎。衝淋下汁。滓無味為度。以文武火熬常攪勿令煿了。熬至滴入水不散。然後加腦麝少許。檀香末尤佳</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204) rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 0.75pt; padding: 2pt; vertical-align: bottom;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Take some quantity of newly-sprouted small Chinese pear-leaf crabapples and pound them to bits. Put the pounded crabapples in a bamboo vessel and immerse them in water at a rolling boil. Mix, and drain when the dregs are flavorless. Using a variable fire, boil and stir often, not allowing it to boil dry. When boiling, drip into water so that it is not dissipated. Then, add a little borneol [the chemical. Possibly from a member of Dipterocarpaceae] and musk. Sandalwood powder is especially good.</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<br />
These, like the other three fruit waters, are variations on a theme: extract juice from a fruit, boil it down, sweeten with honey. Maybe add some other flavors.<br />
<br />
These turned out to not be very difficult! Process photos:<br />
<h3>
Five Flavor Berries</h3>
<div>
These berries are said to contain all five flavors in them: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and <i>spicy</i>. They sort of do? But they're mostly very sour.</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2LugJroIXPzCcNSYbSjIYXROhcI_cozV1RlUe0ULB-5vkXZhcec8BOzjrOtFM3-v83SBxX-4xJ2QsXsOUdUEQURTPl3w3qLOpbeO5NdLKFICulRA88wnlkhJxcCcI-U0aBsHMhgioHNc/s1600/IMG_20180723_103949.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2LugJroIXPzCcNSYbSjIYXROhcI_cozV1RlUe0ULB-5vkXZhcec8BOzjrOtFM3-v83SBxX-4xJ2QsXsOUdUEQURTPl3w3qLOpbeO5NdLKFICulRA88wnlkhJxcCcI-U0aBsHMhgioHNc/s320/IMG_20180723_103949.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Three cups of berries</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfR8OJZWLrX-HP2v4yZfMtWeDdtrMKz5oXTN-aJS485qgio5fsJ39NXOPymZ8ExhlwGjYhajLvZTiE4NGC5IMHKM2DOtw9BGVKZKk_bqBs9zj84VxgW5ORjd87HYptDy-GK6JAn6pm1ms/s1600/MVIMG_20180723_104417.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfR8OJZWLrX-HP2v4yZfMtWeDdtrMKz5oXTN-aJS485qgio5fsJ39NXOPymZ8ExhlwGjYhajLvZTiE4NGC5IMHKM2DOtw9BGVKZKk_bqBs9zj84VxgW5ORjd87HYptDy-GK6JAn6pm1ms/s320/MVIMG_20180723_104417.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Soaking in hot water</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn0cZ4_xwubakn2elKurysz3D7TIih1P7sKBD-E5JaqT4cO4k8G0FNQYYvlJeuJfG1BwvxDgMtHciFmq2C0LAUfc1Dv6VXweoz-RgzSC9t2tyF56rgIXisY_NhFyJEx3-vpmUqepPv_I4/s1600/MVIMG_20180723_195010.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn0cZ4_xwubakn2elKurysz3D7TIih1P7sKBD-E5JaqT4cO4k8G0FNQYYvlJeuJfG1BwvxDgMtHciFmq2C0LAUfc1Dv6VXweoz-RgzSC9t2tyF56rgIXisY_NhFyJEx3-vpmUqepPv_I4/s320/MVIMG_20180723_195010.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I wanted to get a little more juice out so I added more and strained them well. I'd probably have gotten a similar effect by steeping in a bigger volume of water.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE6hXEDfA52_46XW1jAtjabgUn-yPmzA-T8JU_-21gTgQ8CaKlpHpFlljJXy2MXRhXd3Hg4WnOMWv37ILU0BAM3_4plMkX3eYpjX99DrhpqLKqjRhJlSgYk-UEZllfkfn610aJtsJi3Uw/s1600/MVIMG_20180723_195813.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE6hXEDfA52_46XW1jAtjabgUn-yPmzA-T8JU_-21gTgQ8CaKlpHpFlljJXy2MXRhXd3Hg4WnOMWv37ILU0BAM3_4plMkX3eYpjX99DrhpqLKqjRhJlSgYk-UEZllfkfn610aJtsJi3Uw/s320/MVIMG_20180723_195813.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Top: first running. Bottom: second running. They're about the same.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYj4YsIxvFjgaK983TypACYFWDGhI_SRwKzRzCqzHho3KRmYWCMgtECA2ZATu6GdTX4OUnycv-dbwhp_8s9TDcvGQ8NoPA_aECwkH5Tm3jDZdmQjfJfEIcUN-fs_BPNMkJRdujFfpe4k0/s1600/MVIMG_20180723_200826.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYj4YsIxvFjgaK983TypACYFWDGhI_SRwKzRzCqzHho3KRmYWCMgtECA2ZATu6GdTX4OUnycv-dbwhp_8s9TDcvGQ8NoPA_aECwkH5Tm3jDZdmQjfJfEIcUN-fs_BPNMkJRdujFfpe4k0/s320/MVIMG_20180723_200826.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Boil!</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD9dfkSr4hsV8qXz6kkUnQ8nlB8rVfkWlcQ5X4eWEMYntI1GtEwSVJj0wxcQaAR5gKm-dmNL7ULj3EIS9Qo_trpgorjulZfDrxIsubo7LwSM7wcJnK4f5_SrVo2sO6nGipx4GkK613v3A/s1600/MVIMG_20180723_202219.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiD9dfkSr4hsV8qXz6kkUnQ8nlB8rVfkWlcQ5X4eWEMYntI1GtEwSVJj0wxcQaAR5gKm-dmNL7ULj3EIS9Qo_trpgorjulZfDrxIsubo7LwSM7wcJnK4f5_SrVo2sO6nGipx4GkK613v3A/s320/MVIMG_20180723_202219.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Color test</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>
Crabapple</h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd3Ud_VmSSKQ5goIj3DKBT6DnaTQEmxpnYIFPUgxUCLl6CmGJh5XzEAoTO15j03MuTu3jX9RJMnoLI215z58mzpAkUah45haDutsogklHlfiObsAVC640oBAKSCEGwoAW5WGOi9GjJXfE/s1600/MVIMG_20180709_073516.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd3Ud_VmSSKQ5goIj3DKBT6DnaTQEmxpnYIFPUgxUCLl6CmGJh5XzEAoTO15j03MuTu3jX9RJMnoLI215z58mzpAkUah45haDutsogklHlfiObsAVC640oBAKSCEGwoAW5WGOi9GjJXfE/s320/MVIMG_20180709_073516.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0jNy6hZJAnuoIoTVsIO7OJtbTD0gZS7iLqB5NKKVORguEWYokdO5DQJTs1FbTTYj8WxR24sL199DTjnLkSGbRFsi7VRQLisQjhMjNumTGUNEDoxFLcT77Dw89IRyQw4pT6QxyVuhEJIA/s1600/MVIMG_20180709_073950.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0jNy6hZJAnuoIoTVsIO7OJtbTD0gZS7iLqB5NKKVORguEWYokdO5DQJTs1FbTTYj8WxR24sL199DTjnLkSGbRFsi7VRQLisQjhMjNumTGUNEDoxFLcT77Dw89IRyQw4pT6QxyVuhEJIA/s320/MVIMG_20180709_073950.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Food processed. A mortar would be more appropriate but I don't have a big one and also have self respect.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNtzzKQ9gliM-sXE3SEcWEF5OAHZZwlp_YVnVRi4jkAm0h3N9H35etLmcSAby2jEc7vAf-DIh8oyV17Sta89seCQM4Vaz_WxE-Wi0Qe0LASrv3q-Ep1eq9JvOWxpkauKA09zG4YLncXXo/s1600/MVIMG_20180709_074415.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNtzzKQ9gliM-sXE3SEcWEF5OAHZZwlp_YVnVRi4jkAm0h3N9H35etLmcSAby2jEc7vAf-DIh8oyV17Sta89seCQM4Vaz_WxE-Wi0Qe0LASrv3q-Ep1eq9JvOWxpkauKA09zG4YLncXXo/s320/MVIMG_20180709_074415.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Delicious!</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7ugZ1TeUsmH7VVpMYysfU158Fb50jda0V2HIu6-OaAdEV4H8nKQfcRfgVfGbFucfw-eVxAwZHR8ukeO_dFhXptyGO3y0aHOnj_C9bFzgU6vrdmo5gBPRDUBA8bJyiXcC4NzfkNRenUeU/s1600/MVIMG_20180709_075356.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7ugZ1TeUsmH7VVpMYysfU158Fb50jda0V2HIu6-OaAdEV4H8nKQfcRfgVfGbFucfw-eVxAwZHR8ukeO_dFhXptyGO3y0aHOnj_C9bFzgU6vrdmo5gBPRDUBA8bJyiXcC4NzfkNRenUeU/s320/MVIMG_20180709_075356.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Boiling</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz7iueJ7MyU0-Q0zgRbj3cvxuIc_SFETOQiYocovLe3UAsxltg3XsrlRRaWynHS2AlMVuqRMEKZ282aCSVlHAchLcvQ4Z_lAhpiFIDWDNv9uZ-shl9JA4-WPa4HM4CFcez64Rw33Wung4/s1600/IMG_20180709_082720.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiz7iueJ7MyU0-Q0zgRbj3cvxuIc_SFETOQiYocovLe3UAsxltg3XsrlRRaWynHS2AlMVuqRMEKZ282aCSVlHAchLcvQ4Z_lAhpiFIDWDNv9uZ-shl9JA4-WPa4HM4CFcez64Rw33Wung4/s320/IMG_20180709_082720.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pressing out the juice</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9tzThhF6EbKkTPvuEAoCjev7P4lJe0Oo_TFANAnVLGMgA5WfKmu4U3_FWpL02yhyphenhyphen4-t8mBRIlwKIp9zf4HSuBHZ3IC60daUPC-wMs_YnylIFoJdmBguPDWA-U62Zas4aIstJJFxAcLvY/s1600/IMG_20180709_083954.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9tzThhF6EbKkTPvuEAoCjev7P4lJe0Oo_TFANAnVLGMgA5WfKmu4U3_FWpL02yhyphenhyphen4-t8mBRIlwKIp9zf4HSuBHZ3IC60daUPC-wMs_YnylIFoJdmBguPDWA-U62Zas4aIstJJFxAcLvY/s320/IMG_20180709_083954.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The ice cream scoop shapes are kind of funny</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgA6g9lvCQ9dnUfZ8WWJUB6EvZ8Bn3Z5_IP2BpitHnntvp0ieRhDA3GdOa3hSK95xK34bF8ViwqwSCUB7laItQ0eP-whs5uQmQbSI2lsG1jD_kUYE8DGTn3sLYGRAn4N74Yb3x5rABMjc/s1600/MVIMG_20180709_085042.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgA6g9lvCQ9dnUfZ8WWJUB6EvZ8Bn3Z5_IP2BpitHnntvp0ieRhDA3GdOa3hSK95xK34bF8ViwqwSCUB7laItQ0eP-whs5uQmQbSI2lsG1jD_kUYE8DGTn3sLYGRAn4N74Yb3x5rABMjc/s320/MVIMG_20180709_085042.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I took a second runnings from this and used it in a mead.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVtyWbaeRHpaOz65u3DzFW6PRNmkXF1oNC34xEQ-JYgpOeJLtcHZflLE9HX-QtSo_mzLgQI-O4AM10ZSqR5MPz7KzBtwj1wKwf6dToJRvWnV_KcmNrZSLrl6hAx-O8pV0Q_4mh0GiGnXg/s1600/MVIMG_20180709_094721.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVtyWbaeRHpaOz65u3DzFW6PRNmkXF1oNC34xEQ-JYgpOeJLtcHZflLE9HX-QtSo_mzLgQI-O4AM10ZSqR5MPz7KzBtwj1wKwf6dToJRvWnV_KcmNrZSLrl6hAx-O8pV0Q_4mh0GiGnXg/s320/MVIMG_20180709_094721.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Boiled down</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>
But...</h3>
<div>
A clever reader will note that I missed something: the "thick bean juice." Indeed, the first time I made the five-flavor berry thirst-water, I left it out. But this time, I was going to submit this to the Brewers' Guild, so I had better do it right!</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
"Bean juice" is probably soy milk. "Juice" is any liquid derived from some mostly solid source, and it appears in soy milk contexts elsewhere in the Chinese text corpus. It's <i>not</i> from fermented soybeans, thank goodness. Soy milk is a common commodity and surely I can just use commercial soy...</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJvApx4KbhXwTlysgaHpRp27uqZBQs000B_R1BJEuZmWgdyi3Q3lBY3slwDXBQVdNZgPEYDG2M_0zzBZEbXvoX8tOnHlKP7b4-BS5WpWBr_bt_CExHXW-A2bvnIErrbw9ixaGLLqR6TJg/s1600/MVIMG_20180723_220236.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJvApx4KbhXwTlysgaHpRp27uqZBQs000B_R1BJEuZmWgdyi3Q3lBY3slwDXBQVdNZgPEYDG2M_0zzBZEbXvoX8tOnHlKP7b4-BS5WpWBr_bt_CExHXW-A2bvnIErrbw9ixaGLLqR6TJg/s320/MVIMG_20180723_220236.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<div>
Oh. Oh no. Even the most boring soy milk is full of stuff.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Well, it looks like we're making our own. To add insult to injury, whole foods doesn't carry dry soybeans, apparently, so I'm using mung beans, which are also well attested as "green beans" (綠豆).</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
I couldn't find a recipe in a half an hour of searching through the ctext corpus, but I think that's because it's not complicated. I wound up following the shape of <a href="https://www.culturesforhealth.com/learn/recipe/yogurt-recipes/homemade-soy-milk/">this recipe</a>:</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgA125syMt6nmTV8LBeC4MNiW3ZY40DTKr6VQmYh0u-N1749DYrTYJAuNfncs0-CaA_y1IZVgDgFsZhpjXnqCy4d6iXaqcy6MaGAlNXMTnXZFfgGHb_6ziN3LS0TsIhQHG0pEXkyxLzV54/s1600/IMG_20180723_103715.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgA125syMt6nmTV8LBeC4MNiW3ZY40DTKr6VQmYh0u-N1749DYrTYJAuNfncs0-CaA_y1IZVgDgFsZhpjXnqCy4d6iXaqcy6MaGAlNXMTnXZFfgGHb_6ziN3LS0TsIhQHG0pEXkyxLzV54/s320/IMG_20180723_103715.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">1 cup of mung beans, soaked 8 hours and washed</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjxZySK3mPfnP1dNWFd4O5vTyM54ptlrOnxQI6jh-KoMamB1pLs-CwFsMGtPqSwyKL19irJOdb5HsFrl7vYTTnoUDbl05hJlsFtrEaHmcuyMiVqIE1hnfETfzRuSqh8oA0XX4PXKYb7dU/s1600/MVIMG_20180723_193630.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjxZySK3mPfnP1dNWFd4O5vTyM54ptlrOnxQI6jh-KoMamB1pLs-CwFsMGtPqSwyKL19irJOdb5HsFrl7vYTTnoUDbl05hJlsFtrEaHmcuyMiVqIE1hnfETfzRuSqh8oA0XX4PXKYb7dU/s320/MVIMG_20180723_193630.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Into the food processor with some water. A blender would have been better.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2PA7OdjGn2jOPpn8B6l7uaqMkkxA-rPL2SUfWUU3GAHQZr67G4mbzhd-xD-4zSGfXrmhjQwG-igg27UcBH4JfF0k6A0_QT8diBwhO5P9AcHgiJkyZrjEdA4CM2xNH7heEi2DoNRxX5bY/s1600/IMG_20180723_194122.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2PA7OdjGn2jOPpn8B6l7uaqMkkxA-rPL2SUfWUU3GAHQZr67G4mbzhd-xD-4zSGfXrmhjQwG-igg27UcBH4JfF0k6A0_QT8diBwhO5P9AcHgiJkyZrjEdA4CM2xNH7heEi2DoNRxX5bY/s320/IMG_20180723_194122.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Draining</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNa7WaL9IVW2v1Xe4VzF8U1QdJ9diXBcuj8wdWT8nz_LxMrcfK1xCrmoZdVgdBsicYsJz1-ufB4bCxiCsi6kLAFJD3QCdbIbdfs6M5RWBUOz0u6hFlG875SR-uCrNEtwlZG7EcpTz6Fkg/s1600/IMG_20180723_194740.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNa7WaL9IVW2v1Xe4VzF8U1QdJ9diXBcuj8wdWT8nz_LxMrcfK1xCrmoZdVgdBsicYsJz1-ufB4bCxiCsi6kLAFJD3QCdbIbdfs6M5RWBUOz0u6hFlG875SR-uCrNEtwlZG7EcpTz6Fkg/s320/IMG_20180723_194740.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">This stuff turned into a weird, thick foam basically instantly.<br />
Smells disturbingly like KFC gravy.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhH2EpHHYiE8yyV7PO1EgCqejDN3Ctt8QEbYp_LbgTeQsgTnzPRqAW4dU-n3KUH1IRmwxazRuoszpt7OJ-8Ctkn3YiAbmrreZLB2dnr-txRu3DkPLFRw6yhKsRlg6wIAYPtWaENJAUJ09E/s1600/MVIMG_20180723_195157.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhH2EpHHYiE8yyV7PO1EgCqejDN3Ctt8QEbYp_LbgTeQsgTnzPRqAW4dU-n3KUH1IRmwxazRuoszpt7OJ-8Ctkn3YiAbmrreZLB2dnr-txRu3DkPLFRw6yhKsRlg6wIAYPtWaENJAUJ09E/s320/MVIMG_20180723_195157.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">THICC<br />
Like, this is almost pudding when cool</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQyaf7s44ZgC1cUrCmeyCsxcwJaFc_rR9jTcxbftJTYCmXC1Gy19saPJaLpIaVCsw3eQES5pavbXfHgQkDSM_3eCCjOEHitmkacrw8XJhiLMweY2iAFePWfj86jgOqxccdNxpCx5UATho/s1600/MVIMG_20180723_220247.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQyaf7s44ZgC1cUrCmeyCsxcwJaFc_rR9jTcxbftJTYCmXC1Gy19saPJaLpIaVCsw3eQES5pavbXfHgQkDSM_3eCCjOEHitmkacrw8XJhiLMweY2iAFePWfj86jgOqxccdNxpCx5UATho/s320/MVIMG_20180723_220247.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">So this is why the commercial stuff has emulsifiers</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
I added a bit of the thick sauce - maybe a quarter cup - to the boiling juice, and it didn't really change the color so I'm not sure what to do about "until it is the right color." It did add opacity, and some mouthfeel. Adding a LOT of it to a test amount of syrup didn't change the color either so I'm not sure what's going on.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
I then added honey until the syrup tasted both sweet and sour when diluted, as instructed, and wound up boiling my 4 cups of juice down to a cup and a half, including the maybe half a cup of honey that went into it. I don't want to boil further for fear of scorching it.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
I'm packaging these in little flip-top bottles that hold three ounces each, and pasteurizing them for good measure.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Diluted in water, these are very pleasant! I haven't tried with the musk and borneol yet, but I'll be sure to write home from Pennsic.<br />
<br />
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Alec Storyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00060249149152911264noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204672279530552246.post-9156516439610359462018-04-29T22:22:00.000-04:002018-04-29T22:22:14.225-04:00Yuan Dynasty Bochet Lemonade<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBRiaxsk9XJPvEJcOnd-e6mPs0cRHSKIh_4N_NMELgLms7XZp8-wGmy2MeqBhyYHI4hrl9h_-wsVu68lCyQpeWiurPN4oxpHVVYWNo9zWW1tBjPIXOBXy7sBh8w3z8lDeLstjKOc8GPjU/s1600/MVIMG_20180424_235132.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBRiaxsk9XJPvEJcOnd-e6mPs0cRHSKIh_4N_NMELgLms7XZp8-wGmy2MeqBhyYHI4hrl9h_-wsVu68lCyQpeWiurPN4oxpHVVYWNo9zWW1tBjPIXOBXy7sBh8w3z8lDeLstjKOc8GPjU/s640/MVIMG_20180424_235132.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
<br />
Based primarily off of <a href="https://brewing.alecstory.org/2018/04/medieval-china-gothic.html">the poem I discussed earlier</a>, and cross-referencing other sherbet recipes, I made a caramelized honey lemonade, similar to <a href="http://www.meadlady.com/period-recipes-and-redactions/bochet-recipe-and-redaction/">bochet</a>, which is mead made from caramelized honey.<br />
<br />
What I drew from that poem is:<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
a hundred flowers brewed into a sweet dew syrup</blockquote>
A primarily honey-based syrup<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
In the southern garden, boiled to red dragon marrow</blockquote>
The honey should be boiled until red. This is a little conjectural, but I think fairly convincing. Other sherbets cook their syrups pretty severely: <i>Compendium of Essential Arts for Family Living</i>'s Chinese Quince sherbet has you cook the quince slices in honey until it forms "flexible strands," which is pretty cooked. I got a similar effect after the syrup I made had cooled fully.<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
heaven's winds, summer heat, good-for-"meng" fruit</blockquote>
And then we add lemon juice.<br />
<br />
Sherbets typically have a fruit juice and an optional sweetener added, and this fruit is definitely it. Is it lemon?<br />
<br />
I've found several texts that print this poem, all 18th century or earlier. Some render "meng" as 濛 "drizzle," some render it as 氵+<a href="http://www.zdic.net/z/b2/js/2B387.htm" style="text-decoration-line: none;">𫎇</a> - I haven't found the combined character in unicode, and even the component doesn't render for me, but I've linked it for you. It's very similar to 濛.<br />
<br />
Lemon in modern Mandarin is 檸檬 níngméng, which is a slightly different meng than above, but clearly related, at least phonologically. "Lemon" comes ultimately from the Persian <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88#Persian">لیمو "limun"</a> which is relevant when comparing to the Chinese names which follow:<br />
<br />
<a href="https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&chapter=702643">Corrections to the Bencao Gangmu</a> by Zhao Xuemin, published in 1795, is how I first found this poem, and says that this is a fruit which is "similar to a tangerine, but sour." Zhao says that this poem is about a fruit called "good-for-meng" (the second one), used to make a hot beverage.<br />
<br />
We also get another mention that this fruit is like an orange, but smaller, ripe in the second and third months, yellow, and extremely sour, as well as it being good for pregnant mothers. <i>And</i> a mention that the Yuan court had an orchard of some 800 trees of this kind planted in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lychee_Bay">Bay of Litchis</a> in Guangzhou for the purpose of making thirst-waters.<br />
<br />
Zhao goes on to say that he thinks the poem means to simmer pressed "li mu" juice in sugar, and tells us that "sherbet" and thirst-waters are the same thing. He also adds that this juice can replace vinegar.<br />
<br />
The same poem appears in <i><a href="https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&chapter=377465">The First Selection of Yuan Poems</a></i> compiled for the Siku Quanshu collection of every book ever published in 1784, but ascribed to Gu Sili who died in 1722. This is the copy I worked from for the poem, and it uses the 氵+<a href="http://www.zdic.net/z/b2/js/2B387.htm" style="text-decoration-line: none;">𫎇</a> form as well. The poem also appe<span style="font-family: inherit;">ars in <span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">the Ming dynasty collection </span><a href="https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&chapter=918863&remap=gb" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Stone Granary Collection of Poems from the Ages</span></a><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> by </span><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E5%AD%A6%E4%BD%BA" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Cao Xuequan</span></a><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, 1574-1646, in the undated </span><a href="https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&chapter=263977&remap=gb" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Collection of Wu Lai’s Deep Gifts</span></a><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, and in </span><a href="https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&chapter=580608" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><i>Grouping of Song and Yuan Poetry</i></span></a><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> by </span><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E7%84%AF" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Chen Chao</span></a><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, among other places.</span></span><br />
<br />
Another reference to this story is <i><a href="https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=626931">Yunnan Notes</a></i> by Li Diaoyuan, which calls this fruit "黎檬 li meng" - note that this is the modern "lemon" meng - and gives the same description of it, and recounts the orchard story, the poem, and the simmering of juice in sugar, almost verbatim.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJM1sBCDVXG9R2-wQAwxgjXevueo6r7I3rLV0-VTFoZIEcvaX_IUd0Mk5-GFfE43gJFSu-DwtmIOgAOKohi2CmiMtDd0f8T3HFdrWSrT3vNnDT1ildj-jo1b_jnpEalkMXad49Lz4fU_4/s1600/29ce0c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="303" data-original-width="720" height="167" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJM1sBCDVXG9R2-wQAwxgjXevueo6r7I3rLV0-VTFoZIEcvaX_IUd0Mk5-GFfE43gJFSu-DwtmIOgAOKohi2CmiMtDd0f8T3HFdrWSrT3vNnDT1ildj-jo1b_jnpEalkMXad49Lz4fU_4/s400/29ce0c.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image non-free.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<i><a href="https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&chapter=77963">Yunnan Narrative Anthology</a>,</i> which is undated, and also has no punctuation, recounts more or less the same story, again calling the fruit "li meng," while also mentioning that one can dry them after simmering in honey and salt - although they turn black. It also calls the fruit "li mu."<br />
<br />
<i><a href="https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&res=38451&searchu=%E5%BB%A3%E5%B7%9E%E5%9C%92%E5%AE%98%E9%80%B2%E6%B8%B4%E6%B0%B4">Guangdong New Speech</a></i> by Qu Dajun is a 17th-century text which <i>again</i> tells the same story, calling the fruit "li mu" and "good-for-mothers" like the other texts, quoting the poem, describing preserving them in salt, and using them to replace vinegar. This is the oldest version of the story I've found.<br />
<br />
So all together, we've got a fruit that's clearly a loaned name, but one that's a <i>lot</i> like "limun," is yellow, not very big, and very sour. Its name uses the same characters as modern lemons.<br />
<br />
I'm pretty comfortable calling this a lemon.<br />
<br />
On to the cooking:<br />
<br />
I don't have quantities or anything in this recipe, so I took about a cup (350g) of linden honey and juiced two regular grocery store lemons and got about half a cup of juice.<br />
<br />
I then boiled the honey for about half an hour until it stopped steaming and started to smoke. This was a bit terrifying, and the honey foams up so much I made a mess of my stove.<br />
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I logged the different colors on a piece of napkin, and if you do this I suggest you do so as well since it's hard to tell what color it really is in the foam.<br />
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I then added the lemon juice and simmered a little longer<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj25NL4nvL1VNWNZ8UfHEZkvZHUJwN9wW_Gs8OZZXt0XZf3o6EO85muZPgFQV0W_dEvKvA_saasamGvp8Fes6kKjOty1bx8D41p-zVAULf-pgBb0BpvgBjueSpKTd-UdxYYxtIvJ0yhTC8/s1600/MVIMG_20180424_221703.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj25NL4nvL1VNWNZ8UfHEZkvZHUJwN9wW_Gs8OZZXt0XZf3o6EO85muZPgFQV0W_dEvKvA_saasamGvp8Fes6kKjOty1bx8D41p-zVAULf-pgBb0BpvgBjueSpKTd-UdxYYxtIvJ0yhTC8/s320/MVIMG_20180424_221703.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">These look kind of like the eyes of a hundred spiders after you stare at it long enough...</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The syrup was pretty runny when hot, but once cooled, was <i>very</i> thick. The honey doesn't just darken, it also becomes a caramel. I think I can get away with a lot more lemon juice, especially since the final product was not all that sour. It was pretty nice though!<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_BHJA4GIdEYCg2UsLXOXTGvOPgotu23MNYLejjpUTGqWosXRLYm4bP42uwBBhDLqGCThn7N4YueJEYTr_iHnEtX-C91vJROnsSF71C2fG2WiTjUmtE_TA9mF7bJB-wadqkv0sj6lBgcM/s1600/MVIMG_20180424_221959.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_BHJA4GIdEYCg2UsLXOXTGvOPgotu23MNYLejjpUTGqWosXRLYm4bP42uwBBhDLqGCThn7N4YueJEYTr_iHnEtX-C91vJROnsSF71C2fG2WiTjUmtE_TA9mF7bJB-wadqkv0sj6lBgcM/s320/MVIMG_20180424_221959.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Note that 1 cup honey and 1/2 cup juice became 1 cup syrup, so we boiled off something like half a cup of water</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Interesting flavors of toffee and other caramels, a little bitter, and nowhere near as sweet as you'd think concentrated honey would be. Not a lot of lemon character, just the sourness.<br />
<br />
It actually wound up being too hard to dilute into stuff, so I added more water before bringing to a local event.<br />
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The main problem with doing this is that you make a terrible mess on your stove if you don't watch really carefully to prevent boilover.<br />
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.</span></div>
Alec Storyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00060249149152911264noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204672279530552246.post-8893426951635421112018-04-23T22:53:00.001-04:002018-04-29T20:02:09.857-04:00Medieval China Gothic<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Citrus_x_limon_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-041.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="570" data-original-width="459" height="640" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Citrus_x_limon_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-041.jpg" width="514" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Citrus_x_limon_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-041.jpg">Public Domain</a></td></tr>
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In my <a href="https://brewing.alecstory.org/2018/04/imperial-style-thirst-water.html">search for thirst-waters</a>, I came across an 18th century reference to the Yuan dynasty planting lemon trees and using them for thirst-waters. I haven't been able to track down a specific historical provenance for that information, but I did find the poem they additionally cite about lemons (good-for-"meng" fruits). It's sort of helpful, and I suspect it's an oblique reference to bees making honey.<br />
<br />
Well, and also to drunkenness. This is a Chinese poem, after all, and if they're not about at least one of the moon, autumn, or drunkenness, they're probably not worth much.<br />
<br />
That said, I think most of the lines read independently like "<a href="http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/regional-gothic">Medieval China Gothic</a>"<br />
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This poem appears in <a href="https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&chapter=377465">First Selection of Yuan Poems</a> compiled in the Siku Quanshu, published 1784, but ascribed to Gu Sili, 1669-1722. This poem also appears in the Ming dynasty collection <a href="https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&chapter=918863&remap=gb">The Stone Granary Collection of Poems from the Ages</a> by Cao Xuequan, 1574-1646, and in the undated <a href="https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&chapter=263977&remap=gb">Collection of Wu Lai’s Deep Gifts</a>, among other places. I had to correct quite a few errors where the transcription didn't match the facsimile, and there is at least one character that just doesn't seem to exist in Unicode!<br />
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">《卷四十二至卷四十三》</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Scrolls 42-43</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">《嶺南宜濛子鮮渴水歌》</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Lingnan Good-for-“Meng”</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Fresh Thirst-Water Poem</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">廣州園官進渴水</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Guangzhou’s garden tender brings forth thirst-water</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">天風夏熟宜</span><span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">[氵+</span><a href="http://www.zdic.net/z/b2/js/2B387.htm" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #1155cc; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">𫎇</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">]子</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">heaven’s winds, summer heat, good-for-“meng” fruit</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">百花釀作甘露漿</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">a hundred flowers brewed into sweet dew-syrup</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">南國烹成赤龍髓</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">In the southern garden, boiled to red dragon marrow</span><br />
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px;">[possibly resin from Dipterocarpaceae]</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">棕櫚亭高內撤餐</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">We remove to eat high in the palm pavilion</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">梧桐井壓滄江乾</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">The Parasol Tree [</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Firmiana simplex</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">] well presses the cold-blue river dry</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">柏觀金莖擎未濕</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">The cypress tower’s golden stalk rises without dampness</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">藍橋玉臼擣空寒</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">The blue bridge jade mortar pounds the empty chill</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">The small ewer seal, a fragrant brocade, pours out</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">古鼎貢餘聲撼寢</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">The sound from the surplus sacrifice in the old </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ding_(vessel)" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">ding</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> stirs the sleeping</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">酒容心情辟酒兵</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Wine-guests’ state of mind summons wine-weapons</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">茶僧手段侵茶品</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Tea-monks’ artistry ambushes tea-things</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">阿瞞口酸那得梅</span></div>
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<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Cao" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Cao Cao</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">’s mouth-sourness attains that of </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Prunus mume</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre;">(A reference to Cao Cao improving morale by telling his troops to think</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-size: 14.6667px; white-space: pre;">of the stand of mume plums growing ahead)</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">茂陵肺消誰賜桮</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">The Han tomb; lungs flow; who presents a cup?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">液奪胡酥有氣味</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">The melted-away butter has an odd smell</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">波凝海椹無塵埃</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">The pool freezes. The mulberry sea has no dirt</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">向來暑殿評湯物</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">All along, the summer hall evaluates the hot-broth things</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">沉木紫蘇聞第一</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">The </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><i>Aquilaria</i></span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> wood and purple </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">Perilla frutescens</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"> are rumored to be best.</span></div>
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The melted-away butter has an odd smell<br />
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Alec Storyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00060249149152911264noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204672279530552246.post-13997460950161058682018-04-22T22:23:00.003-04:002018-11-09T18:13:30.831-05:00Imperial-Style Thirst Water<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2GOKm3EYedpZzXe9pU1sBY47aWXLRyLHBhs-dZ8kwSvc-XGogjUw3t6kEM9-ejCENDqKyjGxy8QYl4rGz6pr4uXyePRFAZarJ5gjOz2nuyq4eRIfZhKCwH5EIezhqb49Hy5TKkzRMbmQ/s1600/IMG_20180405_214942.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2GOKm3EYedpZzXe9pU1sBY47aWXLRyLHBhs-dZ8kwSvc-XGogjUw3t6kEM9-ejCENDqKyjGxy8QYl4rGz6pr4uXyePRFAZarJ5gjOz2nuyq4eRIfZhKCwH5EIezhqb49Hy5TKkzRMbmQ/s640/IMG_20180405_214942.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
I was trawling through a really large Yuan Dynasty cookbook <i><a href="https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?res=482245">The Compendium of Essential Arts for Family Living</a></i> when I came across a section of recipes titled "thirst-waters." Curious, I read more.<br />
<br />
The book says that these recipes are called, in foreign lands, 攝里白 which in reconstructed Middle Chinese is something like "syep li baek." A similar recipe I found in an anecdote in the 18th century <a href="https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&chapter=702643" style="font-style: italic;">Corrections to the Bencao Gangmu</a>, relating a 14th century orchard of lemon trees planted by the Khan, says that the mongols call these drinks 舍里別 “syae li pjet.”<br />
<br />
There's a category of Central- and West-Asian drinks that are fruit syrups dissolved into water called "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharbat">sherbets</a>," and that's indeed what these recipes are for. The earliest references I've found to thirst-waters in China date to the 12th century, where the <a href="https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=en&chapter=49237&remap=gb" style="font-style: italic;">Old Stuff from the Martial Forest</a> lists, but does not give recipes for seventeen drinks named "cool waters":<br />
<ol>
<li>Sweet bean soup</li>
<li>Coconut “wine”</li>
<li>Bean flower water</li>
<li>Pyrus calleryana broth</li>
<li>Brined Prunus mume water</li>
<li>Ginger honey water</li>
<li>Chinese quince [<i>Chaenomeles speciosa</i>] water</li>
<li>Tea water</li>
<li><i>Aquilaria</i> wood water</li>
<li>Litchi paste water</li>
<li>Bitter water</li>
<li>Golden tangerine rounds</li>
<li>Snow-foam strained skin drink</li>
<li><i>Prunus mume</i> flower wine</li>
<li>Vietnamese balm [<i>Elsholtzia ciliata</i>] drink</li>
<li>Five-<i>ling</i> [name for a variety of plants including cocklebur and licorice] greatly soothing solute</li>
<li>Shiso [<i>Perilla frutescens</i>] drink</li>
</ol>
In <i>Essential Arts</i>, there are seven recipes. Five are some kind of fruit juice or extract boiled with sugar or honey, and often flavored with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borneol">borneol</a> and musk. They are, in brief (I'll do a whole post on them when I make them):<br />
<br />
<ol>
<li>Pounded young <a href="http://malus%20prunifolia/">crabapples</a>, boiled until the liquid has all their flavor. The liquor is boiled down to a syrup.</li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myrica_rubra">Chinese strawberry juice</a>, strained, simmered down to a syrup, and maybe sweetened with honey or rock sugar.</li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudocydonia">Chinese quince</a> pulp, sliced thin, boiled <i>in</i> honey for 4-6 hours. "Should form flexible strands."</li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schisandra_chinensis">Five-Flavor Berries</a>, soaked in boiling water overnight, and then the juice is simmered and colored with soy milk. Honey is added, and then simmered more.</li>
<li>Grape juice boiled down. "You may make wine with it," which is interesting. Honey optional.</li>
</ol>
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All of these were seemingly intended to be diluted into possibly-iced water as a refreshing drink on a hot day.</div>
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The sixth thirst-water calls for "conifer sugar" and a bunch of herbs, and I don't totally understand what it's talking about.</div>
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The very first entry, though, is rather different. It's a short mead:</div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">渴水番名攝里白</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Thirst Waters are called in foreign lands </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharbat" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">sherbets</span></a><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">御方渴水</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Imperial Style Thirst-Water</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">官桂 丁香 桂花</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Cinnamon [</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Cinnamomum cassia</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">], clove [</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Syzygium aromaticum</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">], Osmanthus flowers [</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Osmanthus fragrans</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">白豆蔻仁 (石宿)砂仁各半兩</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Cardamom [</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Elettaria cardamomum</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">]</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> meat, (stone house), fructus amomi [</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Amomum villosum</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">]</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> each two </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">liang</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">細曲 麥蘗各四兩</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Fine yeast cakes, wheat/barley malt [possibly barm], each four </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">liang</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">右為細末。用藤花半斤蜜十斤煉熟。新汲水六十斤。用藤花一處鍋內熬至四十斤。生絹濾淨用小口甏一個。生絹袋盛前項七味末。下入甏。再下新水四十斤。並巳煉熟蜜。將甏口封了。夏五日。秋春七日。冬十日熟。若下腳時春秋溫夏冷。冬熱</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Grind fine with a stone. Take half a </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">jin</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of vine [</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Dalbergia parviflora</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">? Wisteria? Hops?]</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> flowers, ten </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">jin</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of well-refined honey. Sixty </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">jin</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of newly-drawn water. Take the vine flowers, and after a moment in the wok, simmer it to 40 </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">jin</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Strain through a new dense plain-weave silk cloth into one small-mouthed jar. Fill a new dense plain-weave silk cloth bag with the above seven flavor powders. Then add it to the jar. Then, add 40 </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">jin</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of new water. Then add the already-refined honey. Seal the jar’s mouth. In summer, five days. In fall or spring, seven days, in winter, ten days. If you have leftovers, warm it in spring or autumn, cool it in summer, and heat it in winter.</span></div>
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<span id="docs-internal-guid-45d515a8-f03c-2e49-1695-0b0006049368">
</span></div>
<br />
It took me a while to track down <i>Amomum villosum</i>, but I <a href="http://www.tsemporium.com/en_us/xproduct/index/index/s/640769087364">found some eventually</a>. It looks pretty different from cardamom, but smells similar, with a bit more camphor.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMtIhkd1EQfGsLbMYlAHox0dnmvcaS4kdlZnzfdVI5a-ntwtM3NEhDw5jylsjTMcbjLxbQLyawy8aTtLTiH6mJbdPVWtiENwIBBIKWtV6L1NMe0eZpZsgv18LQvpv_iFzFqyxgn36NxRI/s1600/IMG_20180330_194051.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMtIhkd1EQfGsLbMYlAHox0dnmvcaS4kdlZnzfdVI5a-ntwtM3NEhDw5jylsjTMcbjLxbQLyawy8aTtLTiH6mJbdPVWtiENwIBBIKWtV6L1NMe0eZpZsgv18LQvpv_iFzFqyxgn36NxRI/s640/IMG_20180330_194051.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Spiky balls on left are <i>Amomum</i>, hulled and unhulled. To its right is a cardamom pod, and its seeds. Top is the osmanthus flowers, and the cloves. Powdered cinnamon on the separate dish.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_BkjanXnSKgw59V83Z8FtXlqcbRpCWiWrL5jIMTYP5FEL0gn-qUnqhk32mA3U3VaudKcWRYoooCrnGd9jLyGWi0KKSCqgGI3Wv1Y0_IVgd4-RlP2d2rUTZ4eRRmLNTIqireiOx_f5zNc/s1600/IMG_20180409_222834.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_BkjanXnSKgw59V83Z8FtXlqcbRpCWiWrL5jIMTYP5FEL0gn-qUnqhk32mA3U3VaudKcWRYoooCrnGd9jLyGWi0KKSCqgGI3Wv1Y0_IVgd4-RlP2d2rUTZ4eRRmLNTIqireiOx_f5zNc/s640/IMG_20180409_222834.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">All the powdered ingredients together.</td></tr>
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The "vine flower" is extremely ambiguous - pretty much exactly as ambiguous as it is in English. A conservative reading is probably "wisteria flowers:" if it were "purple vine" or "white vine," that'd be it.<br />
<br />
That said, hops are also plausible. They're used in some yeast cake recipes in <i>The Wine Canon of North Hill</i>, and the method is strikingly similar to a hop bittering method for mead described in <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WmZQDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA638&lpg=PA638&dq=olaus+magnus+hops&source=bl&ots=3Sq-oCnD-1&sig=-FJucRbmvPBRcmlpcgZK4GRncQY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiE8pe2qM_aAhVDmlkKHQ5KAXgQ6AEIPzAD#v=onepage&q=olaus%20magnus%20hops&f=false">Chapter 22 of Olaus Magnus's 1555 CE <i>A Description of the Northern Peoples</i>, Volume 2:</a><br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
... an appropriate quantity of hops should be boiled separately in a linen bag inside a covered pot over the same fire, <b>until at least half the water has evaporated</b>, so that their bitterness may be evident.</blockquote>
Emphasis mine.<br />
<br />
That said, if the author had meant hops (蛇麻), why didn't they just say so? After all, <i>North Hill</i> calls them hops. Presumably the author had a specific plant in mind, and it seems unlikely they'd call hops "vine flower." I'd like to try this with wisteria flowers once they're available.<br />
<br />
I think the malt in this is probably because the recipe author doesn't entirely understand what makes things ferment. There's a long history of being ambiguous about malt and yeast cakes in Chinese writing.<br />
<br />
I made a batch and brought it to Brew U:<br />
<h2>
Recipe</h2>
For about 1 gallon. The original recipe is fifteen times this, fermenting 50 liters of water.<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li>5.33g each of cassia cinnamon, clove, osmanthus flowers, cardamom (shelled) and <i>Amomum villosum</i> (shelled)</li>
<li>10.67g each of <a href="https://brewing.alecstory.org/2017/08/new-yeast-cakes.html">fine yeast cakes</a> and malted barley (I used six row)</li>
<li>21g hops (I used pellet Saaz due to my LHBS not having any leaf noble hops, and figuring that leaf Cascade would be farther from period than pelletized Saaz)</li>
<li>422g wildflower honey</li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
<ol>
<li>Brush yeast cakes clean, and break off an appropriately sized chunk, about 1” square.</li>
<li>Bring 2.4L of water to a boil in a pot. Add the hops, and boil until it is reduced to 1.67L, about an hour. Let cool until bearable.</li>
<li>While boiling, grind spices, yeast cakes, and malted barley to a fine powder in a mortar.</li>
<li>Strain hop liquor through a fine cloth. Discard hop residue.</li>
<li>Add another 1.67L water to the hop liquor, and the honey. Mix well.</li>
<li>Place ground ingredients in a heavy silk bag. Pour wort into a 1 gallon wide-mouth fermenter, add the bag, and let ferment for five days at room temperature.</li>
<li>Remove bag and serve immediately.</li>
</ol>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjboMqCa54pObTgZoust5y6jLGkmcuPPRmzOT-hoqitCFmiSGc6dJqqNg23x4YGdBV-vZqfJkIhhh9w2PGNCdB8owtRDjcf-ALz2ZbLUHVyVjEN6-kJAxHuSU7TSPk2IhVrS-AcD2NRHfU/s1600/IMG_20180409_234458.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjboMqCa54pObTgZoust5y6jLGkmcuPPRmzOT-hoqitCFmiSGc6dJqqNg23x4YGdBV-vZqfJkIhhh9w2PGNCdB8owtRDjcf-ALz2ZbLUHVyVjEN6-kJAxHuSU7TSPk2IhVrS-AcD2NRHfU/s320/IMG_20180409_234458.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Silk bag. Hand-sewn because of course that's how I spent my Monday night.</td></tr>
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<div>
This came out to 2.7% ABV for me, and kept fermenting the whole while. The yeast cakes I use don't seem to start fermenting very quickly, so it wasn't until a few days in that they really took off.</div>
<br />
<br />
I actually really like the result. It's sweet, but the sweetness is strongly cut by the bitter hops and spices. It is rather a lot of hops, though - about 1 oz per gallon. Many tasters found it too bitter.<br />
<br />
I had perhaps 8 oz of the mead left over, and I've put a new batch of honey on top of it. I'm hoping it'll turn into a nice dry, lightly spiced mead.<br />
<br />
If you're curious about the Brewers' Guild paneling process, <a href="https://wiki.eastkingdom.org/index.php?title=Yuan_Dynasty_Imperial-Style_Thirst-Water">I've put my documentation up on the East Kingdom Wiki</a>, so you can see how I structured things. There's a little more info there than in this post, but mostly it's just more rigorous citations and such.<br />
<br />
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="license"><img alt="Creative Commons License" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png" style="border-width: 0px;" /></a></span></div>
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">
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<div style="font-family: tinos; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.</span></div>
Alec Storyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00060249149152911264noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204672279530552246.post-34973540872188394102018-02-21T15:58:00.001-05:002018-02-21T15:59:03.242-05:00"Boiled" Millet Wine<a href="https://brewing.alecstory.org/2018/02/they-liked-me-so-much-they-got-me-rock.html">I brought one new wine to King and Queens Arts and Sciences</a>: a "boiled" millet wine. This is the first wine for the second "exceptional" yeast cake recipe in Qimin Yaoshu - <a href="https://brewing.alecstory.org/2017/08/new-yeast-cakes.html">the yeast cakes I'm actually using at the moment</a>. It's got something weird going on. Let's dive in.<br />
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<span style="color: #434343; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14pt; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">YE2W1 造神麴黍米酒方:To make proso millet wine using exceptional yeast cakes</span></h3>
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<div style="font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;">
<span id="docs-internal-guid-0a9228da-ac5c-60d0-5e41-db8ecc76b14a"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">細剉麴,燥曝之。麴一斗,水九斗,米三石。須多作者,率以此加之。其甕大小任人耳。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Finely file the yeast cakes, and air them in the sun to dry. For one </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dou</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of yeast cakes, use nine </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dou</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of water, and three </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dan</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> [30 </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dou</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">] of grain. If you need to make more, keep the ingredients in this proportion. Use an appropriately sized </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">weng</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">桑欲落時作,可得周年停。初下用米一石,次酘五斗,又四斗,又三斗,以漸待米消既酘,無令勢不相及。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">When the mulberry trees lose their leaves [Chinese months 9 or 10, mid October - mid December]. First, add one </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dan</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of grain, then add five </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dou</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, then four </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dou</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, and then three </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dou</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, adding each after the grain has dispersed [note that this only adds up to 2.2 </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dan</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, not 3], making sure to add it at the right time.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">味足沸定為熟。氣味雖正,沸未息者,麴勢未盡,宜更酘之;不酘則酒味苦、薄矣。得所者,酒味輕香,實勝凡麴。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Once the flavor is complete, boil it until it is completely cooked. Although the flavor may be right, don’t stop boiling, or else you will not stop the fermenting power of the yeast, and you should once again add grain. If you do not add more grain, then the wine will taste bitter, and be thin. If you hit the spot, the wine will be light and fragrant, and better than most.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">初釀此酒者,率多傷薄,何者?猶以凡麴之意忖度之,蓋用米既少,麴勢未盡故也,所以傷薄耳。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">If when you first make this wine, and is clearly too thin, then what? Think about it similarly to how you think about using common yeast cakes: you probably used too little grain, so that the fermentative power of the yeast wasn’t exhausted, and that’s why it was thin.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">不得令雞狗見。所以專取桑落時作者,黍必令極冷也。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Don’t let chickens or dogs see [you making this wine]. If you focus on something while making this when the mulberry leaves fall, focus on making sure the millet is extremely cool.</span></div>
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</h3>
<br />
Redacted a bit:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Clean, dry and powder 1 part yeast cakes and soak them in nine parts water until they bubble. Add cooked millet according to the following schedule, waiting until the grain has dispersed before adding more: 10 parts, 5 parts, 4 parts, 3 parts. Once it's done fermenting, "boil" it, and then add 8 parts cooked millet. Let sit for a few days, press, filter and let clarify before serving.</blockquote>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrfmfyhOnz2luBtUCZXSNolAuJvKAywW3-MNIjppxTKMAiO2fGyF5zbfFWaeQP-162zSput8ZluqZ2WrvRUWqstxepWyZAZCgThgvDSrxIe0z-SAeozjDZpg_3lKgdywnkzNJDq02r_nk/s1600/MVIMG_20180130_214456.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrfmfyhOnz2luBtUCZXSNolAuJvKAywW3-MNIjppxTKMAiO2fGyF5zbfFWaeQP-162zSput8ZluqZ2WrvRUWqstxepWyZAZCgThgvDSrxIe0z-SAeozjDZpg_3lKgdywnkzNJDq02r_nk/s640/MVIMG_20180130_214456.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Millet at left, before boiling.</td></tr>
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Weird. Why are we boiling our wine? The first time I did this, I left it in the pot for a bit figuring it was sterile.<br />
<br />
It wasn't!<br />
<br />
It rotted and smelled something awful.<br />
<br />
This time around, I tried something different: what if "boil" means more like "heat until lots of bubbles come out?" Here's my theory:<br />
<br />
If we're boiling it in a pottery vessel over a stove as the technology of the time likely was, and that vessel is anything like full, you've got a pretty deep bed of liquid going on. Because it's a thick porridge, it won't convect much, plus you have a TON of nucleation points. So the bottom will boil long before the top gets hot enough to.<br />
<br />
I tried this in a modern kettle and while I wasn't the most rigorous with it, I got something like a temperature of 165 °F when it was "boiling all over." Now, the recipe exhorts us to keep boiling, but what if we stopped once it was good and bubbly? 165 °F is plenty hot to sterilize it and kill the yeast... but readers familiar with beer brewing will notice that it's <i>exactly</i> the temperature at which barley amylase works ideally, and not nearly hot enough to denature it significantly.<br />
<br />
I added the last, large batch of millet.<br />
<br />
I waited a few days, and then performed a starch test with iodine. If my theory is right ,we should see no starch, with all of it converted to sugar over those few days.<br />
<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGBuwPx7GWTaPYecEM26YHwwwtGtemt7sIsynqFeOKwVn5cmPYqUcXRy301Q-eVTEs3Em05G5pwrTptnSCPDJK6-l2SU9IyjP1DLlF7pESJnN1H3S19PbX2DQPdoIsp06Sh-5X9U1tPt0/s1600/MVIMG_20180209_211613.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGBuwPx7GWTaPYecEM26YHwwwtGtemt7sIsynqFeOKwVn5cmPYqUcXRy301Q-eVTEs3Em05G5pwrTptnSCPDJK6-l2SU9IyjP1DLlF7pESJnN1H3S19PbX2DQPdoIsp06Sh-5X9U1tPt0/s400/MVIMG_20180209_211613.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I cleaned my kitchen after I realized how dirty it looks in this photo</td></tr>
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The iodine stayed brown, which means that there's no starch. This is from a liquid I dumped half a liter of millet into three days before.<br />
<br />
I think what's intended here is that this will produce a sweeter wine. By killing the yeast off, we stop further fermentation, and we could add sugar, but we've already got a ton of amylase, and grain is cheap. I didn't really get that effect, but the starch is gone. There was an almost imperceptible sweetness, but I think I still have other millet cooking issues to tackle.<br />
<br />
I'll have to revisit this theory in the future. Maybe brew a batch using rice to test the amylase theory better.<br />
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="license"><img alt="Creative Commons License" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png" style="border-width: 0px;" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.</span></div>
Alec Storyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00060249149152911264noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204672279530552246.post-70111762642009195282018-02-21T15:58:00.000-05:002018-02-21T15:59:30.775-05:00They liked me so much, they got me a ROCK!<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0Hv_OHCtqYt7UFRDbdHYpykEA4T0Q0piNiOL_BrK8GSc3gI8jvveId9zNe-AP3u_aTblgSS4E3A9IppCEiMW6ytgu8FRgsPJz-RT2R0YRhd60tn5ct-nSA9YgOzoACPa8GpB5WiBIV_s/s1600/MVIMG_20180211_141256.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0Hv_OHCtqYt7UFRDbdHYpykEA4T0Q0piNiOL_BrK8GSc3gI8jvveId9zNe-AP3u_aTblgSS4E3A9IppCEiMW6ytgu8FRgsPJz-RT2R0YRhd60tn5ct-nSA9YgOzoACPa8GpB5WiBIV_s/s640/MVIMG_20180211_141256.jpg" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Painted image copyright <a href="https://shywolfstudio.blogspot.com/2018/02/maunche-thorfinr.html">this person whose real name I don't know</a>, although if you have a burning desire to make a copy just copy the thing it's based on, honestly.</td></tr>
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This past weekend was King and Queens Arts and Sciences championships in Mt. Kisco, NY. <a href="https://brewing.alecstory.org/2016/03/millet-wine-and-rice-wine-la-yuan-pushe.html">I had entered it two years ag</a>o when this research was in a much, er, less tasty state, and I was still figuring out some of the process details. There were ~40 entrants, and, as I did two years ago, I made the second round of judging, but did not win, which is totally fine. I love these events because A&S is the thing I like the most about the SCA, and the best of SCA A&S is on display there. Unfortunately, I didn't get to dig into the other entrants as much as I would have liked to because I got to talk to so many people!<br />
<br />
A neat thing happened there: I apprenticed to <a href="https://thedraughtsaredeep.wordpress.com/">Magnús</a>, which in SCA land means something like "we're officially science-friends." This is cool because it means I get to bug him with questions more than usual before he starts complaining.<br />
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I also got an award at the event which is really meaningful to me: a <a href="https://wiki.eastkingdom.org/index.php?title=Maunche">Maunche</a>, which is for doing a lot of cool A&S stuff. I guess I've done a lot of cool A&S stuff now.<br />
<br />
It's tradition to get a "scroll" for each award you get. Apparently it was decided that I would get this scroll back in September,<span style="font-size: xx-small;">1</span> and my friends decided that a parchment scroll would be lovely but that they could do better - my persona is approximately viking after all. So my friend <a href="https://vikas-vestments.blogspot.com/">Vika</a> wrote a <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1TsOGn8w40uS66p9IcstuA_Uz-5Qel4hDKl40jftFpYY/edit">very nice praise poem in Kviðuháttr meter</a>, which Magnús transliterated into runes and <a href="https://shywolfstudio.blogspot.com/2018/02/maunche-thorfinr.html">Feilinn</a> painted them on a rock. This is awesome and I'm floored.<br />
<br />
The rock includes slightly modified images from the Stora Hammars I picture stone:<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hammars_(I).JPG#mw-jump-to-license">Copyright Wikipedia user Berig, CC By-SA 3.0 and GNU FDL</a></td></tr>
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A different nearby stone depicts Odin as a raven stealing mead and this is amazing.<br />
<br />
I didn't really brew anything you haven't seen before, (well, except for the millet wine which you can read more about <a href="https://brewing.alecstory.org/2018/02/boiled-millet-wine.html">here</a> - it wound up being pretty standard) but I'm gradually refining my technique. I brought three wines:<br />
<br />
<ol>
<li>The headliner, Rice Wine à la Yuan Pushe (YE1W2). This is the steam-and-pour-over rice wine that has become dependable for me. Still sour, but not bad. I actually enjoyed drinking this one.</li>
<li>YE2W1, a boiled millet wine. I'm getting better results gradually, but something is still really wrong with my millet processing.</li>
<li>YE3L1, the non-glutinous rice short wine I made at Pennsic. Producing this to hit a specific date is a PAIN, and I went back and forth between "oh no I'm far too late" and "oh no I'm far too early." I wound up being perhaps a day early - it was less sweet than I wanted.</li>
</ol>
<div>
One thing I was proudest of was my documentation. Of course, I have access to sources that nobody else is using, which is great, but I spent a lot of time writing, and got a lot of help editing, so that it's clear what my thought process is and how it led me to the conclusions I reached.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
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<a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/185pTXAdgaXh1l_-YQtjI3sagrNHo6D6pjYQVGLlsGKI/edit?usp=sharing">Take a look!</a> Please let me know if you find it helpful, or if you think there is something I can improve on for next time.</div>
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I also thought my display worked well. I took heavy advantage of my work-sponsored trip to Japan and brought back pottery, lacquerware and some textiles which I had bought specifically for this purpose.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhD_njwxVODhS-CL0dZ7-PS3mPcctREiIpm5Zeh2lwrNVocXmfladW0E3OTecA6Ps_q8FWvN6UqoNREHV2hCsg73Xxtny6VEZEFaND7q9Q7_Wn7OJyZTwIxD_0ruy6nTJqmn-I4ebmHT24/s1600/28061080_10100286830611278_6886169301448769378_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="864" data-original-width="1296" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhD_njwxVODhS-CL0dZ7-PS3mPcctREiIpm5Zeh2lwrNVocXmfladW0E3OTecA6Ps_q8FWvN6UqoNREHV2hCsg73Xxtny6VEZEFaND7q9Q7_Wn7OJyZTwIxD_0ruy6nTJqmn-I4ebmHT24/s640/28061080_10100286830611278_6886169301448769378_o.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo copyright Dayna Tarabar, used with permission</td></tr>
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<br />
Left-to-right on the tray I had the millet wine, the rice wine, and the short-wine. In front I have the yeast cake, millet, sticky rice, soaking rice, cooked rice, and unpressed short-wine. This way, I was able to give a good overview of all the steps in the process. I also had a flask of water for rinsing. The tablecloth is a somewhat-accurate reproduction of an 8th century textile held in Japan.<br />
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1. This is a "kingdom-level" award, so it's decided by the King and Queen, who rule for 6 months, and made their decisions early on in Their reigns. Then comes the business of finding the right event to give it to the person, with as many of their friends there as possible, without actually telling them ahead of time. It takes a ton of back-channel communication, but the effect is tremendous, and the recipient's friends get to giggle about the surprise in private for a good long time.<br />
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="license"><img alt="Creative Commons License" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png" style="border-width: 0px;" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;">This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.</span></div>
Alec Storyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00060249149152911264noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204672279530552246.post-48030350050738081852017-09-22T00:54:00.000-04:002017-09-22T00:54:07.371-04:00Survey of Vinegar RecipesScroll 8 in Qimin Yaoshu has <i>twenty-three</i> vinegar recipes in it. I've now translated them all, and rather than posting them fully, I thought I'd offer a summary, and a few of them in particular.<br />
<br />
I haven't (successfully, ahem) made any of these yet, and when I do I'll post separately about them, with the full recipe included.<br />
<br />
<i>Science and Civilisation in China</i> notes that vinegar was a relatively late addition to Chinese cooking, replacing the use of <i>Prunus mume</i> (a kind of apricot) as a souring agent in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring_and_Autumn_period">Spring and Autumn</a> period (771-476 BCE).<br />
<h2>
Ingredients</h2>
<div>
Most of these are millet vinegars, produced like a millet wine. But they also don't all use yeast cakes. Most are using what I'm translating as "wheat grains" (麥䴷), which are also called "yellow steam" (黃蒸). To make this:</div>
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<span id="docs-internal-guid-a46d56f3-a7d4-5c68-08d0-31da97d48fc0"><h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS"; font-size: 13pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">作黃蒸法:To Make Yellow Steam</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">〈六、七月中,取生小麥,細磨之。</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In the middle of the sixth or seventh months, take fresh wheat, and finely grind it.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">以水溲而蒸之,氣餾好熟,便下之,攤令冷。</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Soak it in water, and then steam it, and when thoroughly steamed, take it out, and spread it to cool.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">布置,覆蓋,成就,一如麥䴷法。</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Set it out, cover it, and treat it like wheat grains.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">亦勿颺之,慮其所損。〉</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Again, do not winnow it; consider how it will diminish.</span></div>
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</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div>
We also see a few other kinds of millet, barley, millet husks, and water, and some vinegars that just use wine as the primary source of fermentable.</div>
<h2>
Recipes</h2>
<div>
Most of these are more or less just mixing together the ingredients and letting it go, although they sometimes have specific timing instructions, or cooling instructions. It seems to have been a big concern not to ferment too hot, and to cool the fermenter with cold water on the outside.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Most recipes call for cover with a silk floss cloth. This will allow in the air needed to turn the alcohol into vinegar.</div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Title</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Starter</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Fermentables</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Liquids</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">作大酢法:To Make Great Vinegar</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1 part wheat grains</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">3 parts cooked foxtail millet</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">3 parts water</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">秫米神酢法:To Make Exceptional Glutinous Millet [Sorghum?] Vinegar</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1 part wheat grains</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">3 parts glutinous millet (maybe sorghum) or glutinous proso millet</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">10 parts water</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">又法:Another Method</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1 part wheat grains</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">3 parts cooked foxtail millet</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">10 parts water</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">又法:Another Method</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1 part wheat grains</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">9 parts cooked foxtail millet</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">9 parts water</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">粟米、麴作酢法:To Make Vinegar From Foxtail Millet and Yeast Cakes</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1 part common (previously, “lumpy”) yeast cakes</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">10 parts cooked foxtail millet</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">10 parts water</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">秫米酢法:To Make Glutinous Millet Vinegar</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1 part powdered yeast cakes</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">10 parts glutinous millet</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Soured water from rinsing the grain, enough to make a thin congee</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">大麥酢法:To Make Barley Vinegar</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1 part wheat grains</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1 part finely milled barley, 0.05+ parts foxtail millet</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">3 parts water</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">燒餅作酢法:To Make Vinegar From Roasted Cakes</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1 part wheat grains</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Some roasted wheat cakes</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">3 parts water</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">迴酒酢法:To Make Vinegar From Turned Wine</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1 part powdered yeast cakes, 1 part wheat grains</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">50 parts unpressed wine (that spoiled before pressing), 10 parts water</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">動酒酢法:To Make Vinegar From Spoiled Wine</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">10 parts wine (that spoiled after pressing), 3 parts water</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">又方:Another Method</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1 part wheat grains</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">6 parts cooked proso millet</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">20 parts wine</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">神酢法:To Make Exceptional Vinegar</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1 part yellow steam</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">3 parts steamed bran</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Enough water to cover</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">作糟糠酢法:To Make Vinegar From Dregs and Husks</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1 part wine dregs, 1 part foxtail millet husks</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">酒糟酢法:To Make Vinegar From Wine Dregs</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Wine dregs not pressed to dryness, crushed grain</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">作糟酢法:To Make Vinegar From Dregs</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">4 parts cooked foxtail millet</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">20 parts water-diluted wine dregs</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">《食經》作大豆千歲苦酒法:To Make 1000 Year Great [soy?] Bean Vinegar from the Classic of Food</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1 part great beans</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Unfiltered wine</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">作小豆千歲苦酒法:To make 1000 Year Small Bean Vinegar</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">5 parts small beans, steamed proso millet to cover</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">30 parts wine</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">作小麥苦酒法:To Make Vinegar from Wheat</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">3 parts cooked wheat</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">20 parts thin wine</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">水苦酒法:To Make Water Vinegar</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">2 parts glutinous rice yeast cakes, or wheat grains</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">2 parts coarse grain</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">10 parts clear water</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">新成苦酒法:To Make Newly-Formed Vinegar</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1 </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">jin</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> [unit of weight] roasted crushed yeast cakes</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1 </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dou</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> proso millet, but also 1 dou foxtail millet if you want it to be good.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">5 </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dou</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> water</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">烏梅苦酒法:To Make Vinegar From Smoked Prunus mume</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1 part smoked </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Prunus mume</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">5 parts vinegar [makes a sort of dried vinegar]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">蜜苦酒法:To Make Vinegar From Honey</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">1 part honey</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">10 parts water</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">外國苦酒法:To Make Vinegar as Foreigners Do</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">3 parts honey, cilantro leaves</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">10 parts water</span></div>
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There's another vinegar recipe in chapter 34, the chapter on fruit trees, which is made entirely from windfallen overripe peaches.</div>
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One thing I find interesting is that some of the later recipes (starting with the great bean vinegar) are </div>
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coming from a now-lost text, the Classic of Food, and for one, Newly-Formed Vinegar, the author of Qimin Yaoshu haas commentary which reads, "I tasted this vinegar, but it was not good. I added one <i>dou</i> of foxtail millet, and fouteen days later, it was clear and beautifully heady, but not better than the great vinegar [the first recipe]."</div>
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I think it's really interesting to see the author give more than just dry recipes - he clearly has a standard to which he compares the others, and thinks the recipe he's inherited isn't so great.</div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="license"><img alt="Creative Commons License" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png" style="border-width: 0px;" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>. </div>
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Alec Storyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00060249149152911264noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204672279530552246.post-45780242712728668362017-09-17T17:49:00.002-04:002017-09-17T17:49:32.863-04:00Evidence in Funny PlacesI'm working on the vinegar recipes in <i>Qimin Yaoshu</i>, and one of the recipes contains a line that offers some useful insight into the wine making business:<br />
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<span id="docs-internal-guid-ef219f77-91d0-a2d7-7dfd-5ea9739d778a"><br /></span>
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<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; width: 468pt;"><colgroup><col width="*"></col><col width="*"></col></colgroup><tbody>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">至十月中,如壓酒法,毛袋壓出,則貯之。</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">When it has become the tenth month, press it with a wool bag as if you were pressing wine, and then store it.</span></div>
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Seems like I've been on the right track using cheesecloth and nylon bags, although I would like to get a bag made from mohair or something like that eventually.Alec Storyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00060249149152911264noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204672279530552246.post-66356113193199503172017-08-02T12:34:00.000-04:002017-08-02T12:35:44.875-04:00Wine that tastes good!Having just <a href="http://brewing.alecstory.org/2017/08/new-yeast-cakes.html">made new yeast cakes</a>, I put them to good use in a batch of millet wine and rice wine following the recipe I call YE1W1 and YE2W2, as they're the first and second wines (W1, W2) listed under the first exceptional yeast cakes (YE1). They came out really good!<br />
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The recipe:<br />
<h2>
<span style="font-size: 20pt; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Millet or Rice Wine </span></span><span style="font-size: 26.6667px; white-space: pre-wrap;">à la Yuán Púshè</span></h2>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">This volume will fit in a 1 gallon wide-mouthed fermenter, barely.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 16pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Ingredients and Tools</span></span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">¼ cup powdered exceptional yeast cakes, about one cake. But do measure.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">5.25 cups dry millet </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">or </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">4.5 cups dry white sticky rice</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Water</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">1 gallon, wide-mouthed fermenter - cooked grain can’t go through a narrow mouth</span></span></div>
</li>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Cheesecloth</span></span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Optionally, liner silk or some other filter fabric finer than your cheesecloth</span></span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Mortar and pestle</span></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 20pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 20pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Directions</span></span></h3>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-c90acad6-a3ba-6216-41ee-55612a63f1d5"></span></span><br />
<ol style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Dry the yeast cakes completely and scrub them clean several times.</span></span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Grate, and then grind the yeast cakes in a mortar. Soak them in 1.25 cups water for three days until they start to bubble. Add to your fermenter.</span></span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Thoroughly rinse and then soak ¾ cups of dry grain in water overnight. If using millet, polish it in a food processor first.</span></span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">If using millet,</span></span></div>
</li>
<ol style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Steam the millet for 20 minutes, lining your steamer with cheesecloth.</span></span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Spread the millet to cool.</span></span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">When cool, steam for another 20 minutes. The millet should be fully cooked.</span></span></div>
</li>
</ol>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">If using rice,</span></span></div>
</li>
<ol style="margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Steam the rice just until steam comes out of the steamer.</span></span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: lower-alpha; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Cover the rice with boiling water.</span></span></div>
</li>
</ol>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Spread the grain to cool, and then add to the fermenter.</span></span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Possibly add extra water, no more than just to cover the grain.</span></span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The next day, repeat steps 3-8 with 1.25 cups of grain</span></span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The next day, repeat steps 3-8 with 2.5 cups of grain</span></span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">If using millet, three days later repeat steps 3-8 with 300mL of grain.</span></span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">The mash will take a few weeks to ferment. Wait until all the floating grains (“ants” in period) settle. Transfer it into a cheesecloth or strainer bag and press it to extract the wine. You can use your hands, or a board in a trough. To use your hands, twist the bag and massage the mash. Fully pressed mash is about the consistency of cooked cornmeal.</span></span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Optionally filter a second time through densely-woven silk.</span></span></div>
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: decimal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Transfer to a closed container, let settle, and then decant and bottle.</span></span></div>
</li>
</ol>
<br />
This worked much better than in the past because I polished the millet, because I added enough water to let the millet ferment, and because I'm using wide-mouthed gallon jars which let me ferment on the grain for weeks. This makes a huge difference.<br />
<br />
I'm pretty sure I wasn't letting any of my past batches actually ferment to completion before pressing them, leaving them sour because a lot of the starch got left behind and not turned to sugar.<br />
<br />
Commentators and poems about wine in period describe wine that isn't done yet as "muddy" or "pearly floating logs" or "floating ants." This matches what happens at least in the rice wine very well:<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoeYMn9HBsv3JLXCaIOP_m_DZD0AxhInaPPk4UgwnNkS9w-TP1beTwwF7u1fiJ7nPbZnWcPZlEtkUZv7v5IxqjxHAEKwSvcnYuMX7PzBuF5q4nJQEwTWivlSMa51Ad8VfFNfqboiVG_C8/s1600/MVIMG_20170723_143329.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoeYMn9HBsv3JLXCaIOP_m_DZD0AxhInaPPk4UgwnNkS9w-TP1beTwwF7u1fiJ7nPbZnWcPZlEtkUZv7v5IxqjxHAEKwSvcnYuMX7PzBuF5q4nJQEwTWivlSMa51Ad8VfFNfqboiVG_C8/s320/MVIMG_20170723_143329.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Left: millet. Right: rice.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The floating rice grains on the right are the logs or the ants, and there's a thin foam floating with them.<br />
<br />
I would have liked to wait until it was fully settled, but Pennsic calls and I'm heading off. So I pressed the wine, filtered it, put it back in the fermenter and chilled overnight to settle out what sediment I could, and then bottled it.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3AwQx48IjBXZ0BS_V8msZ1Y98evnpA9UQRa0yNio6mLIgVEF1OAjgEW5Y0cwf-dJhwVfn8c0HL_qQgcAW8EL29XiHeJGZLEWh4qqK4GXvieblyCdMKIcDa8S5Yg84qkwLmCuyCkjlSIg/s1600/bottled+wine.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3AwQx48IjBXZ0BS_V8msZ1Y98evnpA9UQRa0yNio6mLIgVEF1OAjgEW5Y0cwf-dJhwVfn8c0HL_qQgcAW8EL29XiHeJGZLEWh4qqK4GXvieblyCdMKIcDa8S5Yg84qkwLmCuyCkjlSIg/s320/bottled+wine.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Left: millet. Right: rice.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The rice pressed easily and filtering through silk wasn't awful.<br />
<br />
The millet, not so much. Again, I had to deal with a lot of small grain bits that gave it a pancake-batter feel, and fouled the silk repeatedly so I had to stop filtering and wash out my cloth. I got 3 wine bottles worth of the rice wine, but only one of the millet.<br />
<br />
No wonder millet fell out of favor! I suspect that with more water and a longer fermentation the millet, too, might digest better and not be as hard to press.<br />
<br />
Look at the color difference from the first time I made this same wine recipe with millet:<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaoxAFQOVl2ITV6-YtSMEr3HmENJIBhmZWj36y48_cpl6ema2wSu4Z_t4tR11akEBe-TVRmccEpSNHTmHbQsPhv7oSCydaDevjeZzaOgzREwn2U-PrhvdkbiOXB3cGnmPT9XLi0Quvm6Q/s1600/IMG_20160329_232735.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1197" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaoxAFQOVl2ITV6-YtSMEr3HmENJIBhmZWj36y48_cpl6ema2wSu4Z_t4tR11akEBe-TVRmccEpSNHTmHbQsPhv7oSCydaDevjeZzaOgzREwn2U-PrhvdkbiOXB3cGnmPT9XLi0Quvm6Q/s320/IMG_20160329_232735.jpg" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Old</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Some of this is because the first round of yeast cakes had some caramelization happen during curing that leaves some color, but I think that this is more due to the millet hulls leaving color. With polishing, they're partially removed so they don't color the wine.<br />
<br />
This stuff actually tastes really good. Way, way better than older batches.<br />
<h2>
Tasting Notes</h2>
<div>
As always, these are subjective.</div>
<h3>
Millet Wine</h3>
<h4>
Appearance</h4>
<div>
Nearly white, with a pearly cloudiness. Will probably clarify more as it sits.</div>
<h4>
Nose</h4>
<div>
Mostly soured grain notes with some nuttiness and a bit of alcohol.</div>
<h4>
Taste</h4>
<div>
Lightly sour but not overly so. Balanced with a faint sweetness and a medium-light mouthfeel.</div>
<h4>
Finish</h4>
Nutty, sake-like aroma.<br />
<h3>
Rice Wine</h3>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<h4 style="text-align: start;">
Appearance</h4>
<div style="text-align: start;">
White with a milkly cloudiness. Also will probably clarify more.</div>
<h4 style="text-align: start;">
Nose</h4>
<div style="text-align: start;">
Pears! Some alcoholic notes and a hint of grain.</div>
<h4 style="text-align: start;">
Taste</h4>
<div style="text-align: start;">
Lightly sweet, just a hint of acidity on the swallow, and a bit of a burn. Medium body</div>
<h4 style="text-align: start;">
Finish</h4>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Pear notes again, mixed with some sake character.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
I <i>really</i> like the rice wine. Catch me at Pennsic for a taste! My class is Tuesday at 2:00 in A&S 12.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="license"><img alt="Creative Commons License" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png" style="border-width: 0px;" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>. </div>
Alec Storyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00060249149152911264noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204672279530552246.post-9681817183251506702017-08-02T12:02:00.000-04:002017-08-02T12:02:29.529-04:00New Yeast Cakes<a href="http://brewing.alecstory.org/2015/12/making-exceptional-yeast-cakes.html">My first batch of yeast cakes</a> is running out, and I think they had some process issues, so I wanted to make a new batch.<br />
<br />
I decided to try the second yeast cake recipe:<br />
<h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 18pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 16pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">YE2 又造神麴法:Another method for making exceptional yeast cakes</span></h2>
<span id="docs-internal-guid-7e7ce08b-a3a7-7425-731e-f7f78b88c4b8"></span><br />
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-left: 0pt;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; width: 468pt;"><colgroup><col width="*"></col><col width="*"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">其麥蒸、炒、生三種齊等,與前同;但無復阡陌、酒脯、湯餅、祭麴王及童子手團之事矣。 </span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Take equal quantities of steamed, stir-fried and fresh wheat, and join them as in the previous recipe, but without the north-south cross, the offering of alcohol and dried fruit/meat, the cooked noodles, offering to the “yeast cake king” or having children shape the cakes.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">預前事麥三種,合和細磨之。七月上寅日作麴。溲欲剛,擣欲精細,作熟。餅用圓鐵範,令徑五寸,厚一寸五分,於平板上,令壯士熟踏之。以杙刺作孔。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Prepare the three kinds of wheat as before, join them and finely grind them. On the third day of the seventh month, make the yeast cakes. Wet them so they are “firm [more water than “just add a little”].” Pound the mixture until it is evenly mixed and fine. </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b>Make it into cakes using a round iron mold, 5 thumb-joints across, and one and half thumb-joints thick. On top of a level board, have a strong person really stomp on it. Use a peg to pierce a hole in the middle of the cake.</b></span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">淨掃東向開戶屋,布麴餅於地,閉塞窗戶,密泥縫隙,勿令通風。滿七日翻之,二七日聚之,皆還密泥。三七日出外,日中曝令燥,麴成矣。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Clean and sweep a room with an east-facing door, and spread the cakes over the floor. Block the windows and doors, using mud to seal any cracks, so as to not allow wind to enter. Flip the cakes after seven full days. After a second seven days, gather them, and both times re-seal the room. After a third seven days, take them out, and air them in the sun until dry. The cakes are finished.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">任意舉、閣,亦不用甕盛。甕盛者則麴烏腸,烏腸者,繞孔黑爛。若欲多作者任人耳,但須三麥齊等,不以三石為限。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Whenever you please, hang the cakes for storage in a high, dry place. These cakes do not keep if stored in a </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">weng</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">. Cakes that are stored in a </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">weng</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> turn black and vile, and around the hole they will be black and rotten. If you want to have people help you, you must at least make sure that the three types of grain are equal, and don’t let three </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dan</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of grain be a limit.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> 此麴一斗,殺米三石;笨麴一斗,殺米六斗:省費懸絕如此。用七月七日焦麥麴及春酒麴,皆笨麴法。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">One </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dou</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of these yeast cakes can ferment three </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dan</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> [thirty </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dou</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">] of grain, while one </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dou</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of common yeast cakes can ferment six </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dou</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of grain: whether use a little or a lot decidedly depends on this. Use </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/qixi" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Qixi</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> burnt wheat yeast cakes or spring wine yeast cakes like common yeast cakes.</span></div>
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</div>
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This is nearly identical to <a href="http://brewing.alecstory.org/2015/12/new-recipes-exceptional-yeast-cakes.html">the first one</a>, but presses the molds into cakes. I used a cheese press I had lying around.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7KdxLj9AQ_L_oNH_BiIfgR-mshMnKMs4911pCqd1IrhmJsDtlJ9HE4ue_tN7jsgZN7eCbilCaBFU0G0FdJau6rbIdGvB7n6WAdubrKvNlw_r-i4-LytlSjBe7UGw_Z0mI25hxOvEYUWo/s1600/IMG_20170606_092651.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7KdxLj9AQ_L_oNH_BiIfgR-mshMnKMs4911pCqd1IrhmJsDtlJ9HE4ue_tN7jsgZN7eCbilCaBFU0G0FdJau6rbIdGvB7n6WAdubrKvNlw_r-i4-LytlSjBe7UGw_Z0mI25hxOvEYUWo/s320/IMG_20170606_092651.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mixing the three kinds of grain in a food processor.</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL8d88TBNUcp_Ut7r9dsBJo-Cr67F0h3_2JKOlyYJFza4qXw0TtKLrVEtynJhKajcOQvB_CILFgEpL3jV_Abxmvr__mnhmoQqB2CMk9ihHbS_7EicqCmHTgbuE2aNZnjdu06N0fvDkE-k/s1600/IMG_20170606_094042.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL8d88TBNUcp_Ut7r9dsBJo-Cr67F0h3_2JKOlyYJFza4qXw0TtKLrVEtynJhKajcOQvB_CILFgEpL3jV_Abxmvr__mnhmoQqB2CMk9ihHbS_7EicqCmHTgbuE2aNZnjdu06N0fvDkE-k/s320/IMG_20170606_094042.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Blorp.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCs3wLhqx7ad97CURRpkNw2NU8JRXDLfBhuhAplPzCm21V5HPiGycOmqLC_KNkpMi6xPF9AqLOHYEKv-ULF3erRE3GJ0RDAkDUnANn9xMjrsFXJ4FvKXxx-ikcTUK7jC7isKks72Voqoo/s1600/IMG_20170606_094727.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCs3wLhqx7ad97CURRpkNw2NU8JRXDLfBhuhAplPzCm21V5HPiGycOmqLC_KNkpMi6xPF9AqLOHYEKv-ULF3erRE3GJ0RDAkDUnANn9xMjrsFXJ4FvKXxx-ikcTUK7jC7isKks72Voqoo/s320/IMG_20170606_094727.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">I'm using this metal tray, and using sushi rolling mats to keep the bottoms from getting too damp.</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjudWTvI6eRdPmcE1RMGXbeJ-dqI9A4_rjWWNC_5x_br6mMD5CmxdMlK68RpH76xZc3RaaGCv-51TzJry4TWr717JbZrLR3L_soBNNt_E9RSmAK4mqa21drt1ZBZneE7YM9bba930cnDE8/s1600/IMG_20170612_093526.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjudWTvI6eRdPmcE1RMGXbeJ-dqI9A4_rjWWNC_5x_br6mMD5CmxdMlK68RpH76xZc3RaaGCv-51TzJry4TWr717JbZrLR3L_soBNNt_E9RSmAK4mqa21drt1ZBZneE7YM9bba930cnDE8/s320/IMG_20170612_093526.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Flipped after a week.</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisZWS4K2O1AKVJwjTeRaJqp6mOlFbxpuwR0oLsUupPTmzV_L_VbMJtFTmyoTQA7OtAZzZLcURo_cV1tNWExbc5wmJAO0gEP9TYfflMpTy5Qy_gcUJcZTBeJMDO5k6zoF4Sn0k8CRCxDtI/s1600/IMG_20170625_231742.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisZWS4K2O1AKVJwjTeRaJqp6mOlFbxpuwR0oLsUupPTmzV_L_VbMJtFTmyoTQA7OtAZzZLcURo_cV1tNWExbc5wmJAO0gEP9TYfflMpTy5Qy_gcUJcZTBeJMDO5k6zoF4Sn0k8CRCxDtI/s320/IMG_20170625_231742.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gathered after another week</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1qk2AEv2QY4pP6SEwVY9JTQSRZbKQOKbFjwC1kaeSi8HOQZ-S547-pxBlrq9NciR9igPur16HsJbP8E6PmzStZ_8F2YPH-wp3P-nme070pdTRvwRBjOdDI_DoMuoA0nZjtwvBEMBFZQo/s1600/IMG_20170625_232518.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1qk2AEv2QY4pP6SEwVY9JTQSRZbKQOKbFjwC1kaeSi8HOQZ-S547-pxBlrq9NciR9igPur16HsJbP8E6PmzStZ_8F2YPH-wp3P-nme070pdTRvwRBjOdDI_DoMuoA0nZjtwvBEMBFZQo/s320/IMG_20170625_232518.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Done!</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVQLRshdLDnpjVrArBDuEGkO6DzkzwV_RQdQR8Su84z1dWSMV7UB6zh7vv6d891hfFvC3M4ldanPabPRnxTSssJtpJlntvztze4YbISy-N8PACCRXbgI6jmW-p1v2gHeqPzetPq1eD1HE/s1600/IMG_20170709_114428.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVQLRshdLDnpjVrArBDuEGkO6DzkzwV_RQdQR8Su84z1dWSMV7UB6zh7vv6d891hfFvC3M4ldanPabPRnxTSssJtpJlntvztze4YbISy-N8PACCRXbgI6jmW-p1v2gHeqPzetPq1eD1HE/s320/IMG_20170709_114428.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">These are a little grosser than the first ones. I scrub them before using, since the recipes say to, and it seems to make sense.</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhytAvxDz8qYg_uYRpncN1Eqzhw32CHU-8fyJNCF_CTG5b8XgK0-3bvs68K0NNQSoddvxwE1r_b7P_Qfn96LGdAN3Y2R0OCEb6jemCdYTlcVdWVE_TDHXh-dpSypzA8fxUlLU9keyNj7oQ/s1600/IMG_20170709_114613.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhytAvxDz8qYg_uYRpncN1Eqzhw32CHU-8fyJNCF_CTG5b8XgK0-3bvs68K0NNQSoddvxwE1r_b7P_Qfn96LGdAN3Y2R0OCEb6jemCdYTlcVdWVE_TDHXh-dpSypzA8fxUlLU9keyNj7oQ/s320/IMG_20170709_114613.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Grating it on a box grater reveals the inside.</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpoCk2jDXfh6bt6Zvuamzdte9VfmZuBU6fq3mrzXHNNEL4_Bpllp0C4tretRRmYGOrJuzpOGAFpdqH9w353RMurkPxJ0zb859uFIocaG3w_LnrqK-I8W5L4GHMhA7AudO2JmQGbaW1BkY/s1600/IMG_20170709_115311.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpoCk2jDXfh6bt6Zvuamzdte9VfmZuBU6fq3mrzXHNNEL4_Bpllp0C4tretRRmYGOrJuzpOGAFpdqH9w353RMurkPxJ0zb859uFIocaG3w_LnrqK-I8W5L4GHMhA7AudO2JmQGbaW1BkY/s320/IMG_20170709_115311.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Powdered.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Brushing these gave me a mild allergy attack, so I'm going to do it outside from now on.<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="license"><img alt="Creative Commons License" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png" style="border-width: 0px;" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>. </div>
Alec Storyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00060249149152911264noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204672279530552246.post-5478522136373951252017-07-20T09:50:00.001-04:002017-07-20T09:50:28.313-04:00Starting A New Blog for Non-Brewing Topics<a href="http://sundries.alecstory.org/">http://sundries.alecstory.org</a><br />
<br />
I intend to keep this one focused on brewing, but some of this audience might find non-brewing medieval topics interesting.Alec Storyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00060249149152911264noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204672279530552246.post-50385598966442802552017-07-18T20:49:00.001-04:002017-07-18T20:49:31.953-04:00Polished MilletAs I wrote a <a href="http://brewing.alecstory.org/2016/05/successfully-cooking-rice.html">while back</a>, if you buy hulled millet in the grocery store or online, and you steam it, you don't get great results. A lot of the grains don't cook completely, which leads to problems fermenting.<br />
<br />
The problem is really that the grains are unpolished and still have a layer of bran on them - they're the brown rice equivalent of millet. I can buy white rice, but not "white" millet.<br />
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The solution is to use <a href="https://youtu.be/ogbGLV8QR58?t=43s">more power</a>.<br />
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My food processor has two blades which looked reasonable to use. One is the regular cutting blade (note that Cuisinart <a href="https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2016/cuisinart-food-processors-recalled-by-conair">recently had a blade recall</a>, which affected mine), and the other is the shorter-armed, plastic dough blade.<br />
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I tried both, for sixty seconds continuously:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsFEZ4kz6F_pSL3WukigfKsQ0hfvTwfQRNQp7ebmKXYCSlsqcmuZKM42PPvr3KeFPSpex3l9EWQ2hloxSZH-tWoYDYD9jlkMrCUChbeWD2X1TU0JxPLFvzb3A9zf2wG7QAGHBfi0oZROQ/s1600/IMG_20170712_203530.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsFEZ4kz6F_pSL3WukigfKsQ0hfvTwfQRNQp7ebmKXYCSlsqcmuZKM42PPvr3KeFPSpex3l9EWQ2hloxSZH-tWoYDYD9jlkMrCUChbeWD2X1TU0JxPLFvzb3A9zf2wG7QAGHBfi0oZROQ/s320/IMG_20170712_203530.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Unprocessed</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiu9yT0qxK20KeU876JQlmDX54COKvHHWWFUgujNhHXrNHSnGeAWMhDt0dmkmohRGokHAq4hK7D7gSFrBoihIeMtFGcGoqJRnU8qkiIDZ4IxQ7EnAgsxg5MAQe8-4Bzx4g-E-mcPyn8FZY/s1600/IMG_20170712_203534.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiu9yT0qxK20KeU876JQlmDX54COKvHHWWFUgujNhHXrNHSnGeAWMhDt0dmkmohRGokHAq4hK7D7gSFrBoihIeMtFGcGoqJRnU8qkiIDZ4IxQ7EnAgsxg5MAQe8-4Bzx4g-E-mcPyn8FZY/s320/IMG_20170712_203534.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Dough Blade</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjw-jefIzn_ubiwzpL1vp8VJCZdQbr-KL_1cdUFdUxxDtd6wSjjXHjPmkAF1H_y4PjpoZ8hte8b5ir_LPkLfq0bKeyxV4cHUFwMnIEH3IAn0kpGfrmY69TyvwodhScA5FbHt0ki4VLXHD4/s1600/IMG_20170712_203542.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjw-jefIzn_ubiwzpL1vp8VJCZdQbr-KL_1cdUFdUxxDtd6wSjjXHjPmkAF1H_y4PjpoZ8hte8b5ir_LPkLfq0bKeyxV4cHUFwMnIEH3IAn0kpGfrmY69TyvwodhScA5FbHt0ki4VLXHD4/s320/IMG_20170712_203542.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Knife Blade</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid915rASSf021juUXjDFt5iksowOACAoyc4KCtQoigeNS-Ke6oTW3N_UbGlC3J_V1WJi9m7npPhsSDhs1q5ZBYKDEnVDnkmBvnpkwJPIid4_e0iDp6-ru93iRitq4L-vBhyTGXEJdEHNc/s1600/IMG_20170712_203517.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid915rASSf021juUXjDFt5iksowOACAoyc4KCtQoigeNS-Ke6oTW3N_UbGlC3J_V1WJi9m7npPhsSDhs1q5ZBYKDEnVDnkmBvnpkwJPIid4_e0iDp6-ru93iRitq4L-vBhyTGXEJdEHNc/s320/IMG_20170712_203517.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
The dough blade didn't really change the grains, but the knife blade did - the grains had a lot more powder, and when washed were much whiter:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXLuW6C1ADRsj1uLLBUvn-RBCc2gmsJRX0cRsT2asXRMHxW4aPv3eHxkvcE01cZMaWRVyMkVwANcVubLFNrJsXGAXQR1yAy3BOkTbDwdRwJvglVkbTV9cixt_EnVPmQyHQSF38FqbBo4M/s1600/IMG_20170712_204543.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXLuW6C1ADRsj1uLLBUvn-RBCc2gmsJRX0cRsT2asXRMHxW4aPv3eHxkvcE01cZMaWRVyMkVwANcVubLFNrJsXGAXQR1yAy3BOkTbDwdRwJvglVkbTV9cixt_EnVPmQyHQSF38FqbBo4M/s320/IMG_20170712_204543.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
Part of the problem with the dough blade is that it doesn't actually reach all of the grains, but regardless, we have a way to polish the millet now.<br />
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I soaked 3/4 of a cup of the polished grain for a few hours and it expanded to 8 ounces. Not the dramatic near-doubling that rice does, but still it's something. Soaking overnight didn't give it more volume.<br />
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Post-cooking, it's definitely better than before:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDUc9fjT8_LFIVSa0PjTbDO8-PmGojBU4RzH7EhQvMxXPbOVLDMc1bY9On40TlwW8zUs-VUHzrnQhjD13z3bvDuoxVJ206bhnhJlfs8BALpe50Q2ByssFg_8ACB6me275th_K_krbO8kE/s1600/IMG_20170714_102434.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDUc9fjT8_LFIVSa0PjTbDO8-PmGojBU4RzH7EhQvMxXPbOVLDMc1bY9On40TlwW8zUs-VUHzrnQhjD13z3bvDuoxVJ206bhnhJlfs8BALpe50Q2ByssFg_8ACB6me275th_K_krbO8kE/s320/IMG_20170714_102434.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
This is after one steaming. There's some uncooked grains, but if I mix it together and re-steam (as directed by the book), it's fully cooked.<br />
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During fermentation, there's still a lot more bulk than with the rice, which I think decomposes more fully so maybe I should investigate other strategies for polishing, but this is at least a start.<br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
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Alec Storyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00060249149152911264noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204672279530552246.post-28653655417111253102017-05-09T23:52:00.000-04:002017-05-22T00:15:51.444-04:00Sugared NoodlesI translated another few recipes for the cooks mailing list. I had initially thought that "yellow cocoon candy" would be something like cotton candy, or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C5%9Fmaniye">pişmaniye</a>, but this is actually noodles dry-fried and soaked in syrup. Still neat! I wonder how these taste.<br />
<h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 10pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "trebuchet ms"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">《食次》曰:From The Sequence of Food [Lost Northern and Southern Dynasties era text on food, which survives in part here.]:</span></h2>
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<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; width: 468pt;"><colgroup><col width="*"></col><col width="*"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">「白繭糖法:熟炊秫稻米飯,及熱于杵臼淨者舂之為𥻓 ,須令極熟,勿令有米粒。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“To make white cocoon candy [actually a kind of friend glutinous rice noodle rolled in sugar to form pellets]: take fully cooked proso millet or rice [commentary thinks it’s glutinous, but I’m not sure from the text], pound it completely in a mortar as if you are making rice cakes. You must fully pound it, and not allow any grains to remain.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">幹為餅:法,厚二分許。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Form into a cake [cakes?]: in the standard way, two </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">fen</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> or so thick.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">日曝小燥,刀𠠫為長條,廣二分;乃斜裁之,大如棗核,兩頭尖。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Dry in the sun until a little dry, and cut it using a knife in straight divisions to form long noodles.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">更曝令極燥,膏油煮之。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Again dry in the sun until very dry, and fry in oil.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">熟,出,糖聚丸之;一丸不過五六枚。」</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">When done, take them out, and roll them in sugar [probably thick syrup] to form balls; making no more than 5-6 balls at a time.”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">又云:「手索𥻓 ,麤細如箭簳。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">It also reads, “pull the cake by hand, so they’re as fine as [thin?] arrow shafts.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">日曝小燥,刀斜截,大如棗核。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Dry them in the sun until a little dry, and using a knife cut them obliquely [possibly “irregularly”], so they’re the size of date pits.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">煮,丸,如上法。丸大如桃核。半奠,不滿之。」</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Fry them, and make them into balls like the previous method. The balls should be as large as peach pits. Sometimes, when serving, don’t fill them.</span></div>
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<h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 10pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "trebuchet ms"; font-size: 13pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">黃繭糖:Yellow Silk-Floss Candy:</span></h2>
<span id="docs-internal-guid-2f18db5a-f06a-345b-80f4-c270373bc298"><br /></span>
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<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; width: 468pt;"><colgroup><col width="*"></col><col width="*"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">白秫米,精舂,不簸淅,以梔子漬米取色。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Take white glutinous millet, precisely pound it, do not winnow or wash. Take </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Gardenia jasminoides</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> seeds/fruit and soak the grain with them to take their color.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">炊、舂為𥻓;𥻓加蜜。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Cook it, and pound it into a cake; to the cake add honey.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">餘一如白𥻓 。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">For the rest, do as for the white cakes.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">作繭,煮,及奠,如前。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Make cocoons, fry, and serve as before.</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-left: 0pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="license"><img alt="Creative Commons License" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png" style="border-width: 0px;" /></a></div>
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This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>. </div>
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Alec Storyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00060249149152911264noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204672279530552246.post-20696019370027457122017-03-28T14:14:00.000-04:002017-07-18T20:50:30.547-04:00Brewing Zhang Bangji's 12th Century Recipe for Su Dongpo's MeadIn the hunt for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su_Shi">Song dynasty poet Su Dongpo</a>'s mead recipe, we discovered <a href="http://brewing.alecstory.org/2016/12/su-dongpo-is-tease.html">last time</a> that his recipe for "honey wine" is probably not using honey as a primary fermentable.<br />
<br />
But we do have <a href="http://brewing.alecstory.org/2016/12/a-mead-recipe.html">Zhang Bangji's report on Su Dongpo's recipe</a>. I have no idea whether it's <i>really</i> Su Dongpo's recipe, but at some point it doesn't matter. They were contemporaries, and his recipe is just as reasonable and period as Su Dongpo's unknown recipe for mead.<br />
<br />
I'm brewing a one gallon batch because I have my shiny new <i>weng</i>-simulant, a large-mouthed jar. The <a href="https://bitterandesters.com/">local homebrew store</a> had them, and I think they'll do well. It comes with a lid with a hole for an airlock, but because it's got a mouth and isn't a bowl, fitting cloth over it should also be easy. How much air to allow in is a battle for another day, so I'm going to go the modern route on this one and use an airlock.<br />
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijZ6p2pOjRGGz_lE_7i2kkyQ8QR65ju9YtjQbnpx1A3v0gsLA2o1ePbQ-SCq80lIdZ-ezVJWNwL6indlT_4SJzosY69Dz9yNKYF0RZOkXerCZIOHicrL_V7HnwGNbhMx86YmYT8Fra8vQ/s1600/IMG_20170102_131953.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijZ6p2pOjRGGz_lE_7i2kkyQ8QR65ju9YtjQbnpx1A3v0gsLA2o1ePbQ-SCq80lIdZ-ezVJWNwL6indlT_4SJzosY69Dz9yNKYF0RZOkXerCZIOHicrL_V7HnwGNbhMx86YmYT8Fra8vQ/s320/IMG_20170102_131953.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
This thing holds a gallon, so I'm going to scale the recipe to fit. The original is scaled to 9.5 L and a gallon is 3.8 L, so we'll scale everything by 0.4.<br />
<br />
That means:<br />
<br />
4 <i>jin</i> * 633 g / <i>jin</i> * 0.4 = <b>1013 g honey</b> as the main fermentable<br />
0.5 <i>liang</i> * 1 <i>jin </i>/ 16 <i>liang</i> * 633 g / <i>jin</i> * 0.4 = <b>8 g honey just</b> after it starts to bubble<br />
2 <i>liang</i> * 1 <i>jin</i> / 16 <i>liang</i> * 633 g / <i>jin</i> * 0.4 = <b>32 g wheat yeast cakes</b><br />
1 <i>liang</i> * 1 <i>jin</i> / 16 <i>liang</i> * 633 g / <i>jin</i> * 0.4 = <b>16 g southern <i>baijiu</i> yeast cakes</b><br />
1 <i>dou </i>* 9.5 L / <i>dou</i> * 0.4 = <b>water to reach 3.8 L</b> or one gallon<br />
<br />
Our ingredients:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6r6RdiVfxYqEiNYVIORQY_F7gmncoLxSNGEO_NnOtpqE0LwkMbeXV9hozmnTYAa2Hj3KMqkPe8xTDRyy-Srwnlh9E_Y8CrljJytHFzEs6zRPn0hjdEj-K-ci5cYEzcbv2MsJjjwDd_Kc/s1600/IMG_20170102_134705.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6r6RdiVfxYqEiNYVIORQY_F7gmncoLxSNGEO_NnOtpqE0LwkMbeXV9hozmnTYAa2Hj3KMqkPe8xTDRyy-Srwnlh9E_Y8CrljJytHFzEs6zRPn0hjdEj-K-ci5cYEzcbv2MsJjjwDd_Kc/s320/IMG_20170102_134705.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
I had a wheat yeast cake that was very nearly 32 grams. I don't know what a "southern <i>baijiu</i> yeast cake" is. <i>Baijiu</i> means "white alcohol" and today refers to a range of distilled spirits, some of which were becoming popular in the Song dynasty, so this may refer to a yeast cake meant for distilling, but it could also just mean a yeast cake for making a white grain wine. Since the author is calling it out, and presumably they came from a distance, hence the "southern" bit, I'm going to assume that they're a more refined kind of yeast cake.<br />
<br />
Conveniently, I have a number of the yeast cakes I used to make my first few batches and inoculate my wheat cakes, so I'm using those as my southern <i>baijiu</i> yeast cakes. Two came out to 19 grams, which is close enough.<br />
<br />
I used a nylon bag used for doing brew-in-a-bag to strain, since my <i>juan</i> cloths are a bit used. When I've used it to strain grain wine before, it allows through more particulates than the silk cloth does, but it's easier to sanitize, and I'm not pressing it like I do with the grain wine, so I think it'll do fine.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVwdZ5WTyJVeC-_f7BB6mhlorUt_PXKE_80NC_wWm0xo6es5J89juWfhr-mecfXR7o1iRF_onFl5ckGofkBWD06pGEe9jpG2N17aslEwsi5MiawdHPqyHXEsrGHOlq8TdAduF1BbVSkEk/s1600/IMG_20170102_135929.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVwdZ5WTyJVeC-_f7BB6mhlorUt_PXKE_80NC_wWm0xo6es5J89juWfhr-mecfXR7o1iRF_onFl5ckGofkBWD06pGEe9jpG2N17aslEwsi5MiawdHPqyHXEsrGHOlq8TdAduF1BbVSkEk/s320/IMG_20170102_135929.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
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<br />
I boiled it to sterilize it, since it's going to hold our microbial payload.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-He1MjfWpQFjHguiGHJgME7KzGWH5ShDjXsiFuxFM5pHcokOwxeI0DpnYN0n-UdJmQ_ZFj-APAVT00j6NvM3mrRyrWCBngjkNP467M5DNCx0K1JtrbbTABgI9MQC1-LlWBieVP9_k7DQ/s1600/IMG_20170102_135936.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-He1MjfWpQFjHguiGHJgME7KzGWH5ShDjXsiFuxFM5pHcokOwxeI0DpnYN0n-UdJmQ_ZFj-APAVT00j6NvM3mrRyrWCBngjkNP467M5DNCx0K1JtrbbTABgI9MQC1-LlWBieVP9_k7DQ/s320/IMG_20170102_135936.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
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I ground the cakes, and put them into the bag, which was pretty straightforward.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaTHtairlyvtFXFHTQmIszIPLo3ooEZh-Q-lidV7svLHIHC_gFVRNXXmoI_edKn52huEg34FpbHGORW9p5skYMQm4oCBpeXLMPjCHWSJAcKJNzvdFOV6WMaXKQJ91A0MXZCkDqOB4cqgs/s1600/IMG_20170102_141322.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaTHtairlyvtFXFHTQmIszIPLo3ooEZh-Q-lidV7svLHIHC_gFVRNXXmoI_edKn52huEg34FpbHGORW9p5skYMQm4oCBpeXLMPjCHWSJAcKJNzvdFOV6WMaXKQJ91A0MXZCkDqOB4cqgs/s320/IMG_20170102_141322.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4G2UjHiikDjd_GoEUxalS2U6DKoxHSdETgxJ9Gox9ZeMShkbcTe1i-ynMBKqXJy5vswb_gjEE5soGWEA-H8QzdZ_OSKhFfI8Tf8TJ9BApmD5A_2PejU2bAIUngBVHDJm119ioPSvm6Ks/s1600/IMG_20170102_141403.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4G2UjHiikDjd_GoEUxalS2U6DKoxHSdETgxJ9Gox9ZeMShkbcTe1i-ynMBKqXJy5vswb_gjEE5soGWEA-H8QzdZ_OSKhFfI8Tf8TJ9BApmD5A_2PejU2bAIUngBVHDJm119ioPSvm6Ks/s320/IMG_20170102_141403.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
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To prepare the must (honey-water before fermenting), I put the honey into my 8 gallon brew kettle. It's overkill, but it has volume markings and it's bigger than a quart, which rules out every other vessel I own. I boiled water in my tea kettle and poured it over the honey until I reached the 1 gallon mark.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8BghbcU2aUCZ63x6r23ZiqTbZvQ70ZmEHR64s_4ZdvflGD7dyJCK91rvrVMumbPEt2FGwQd5gPm2g4vEPt_myrr3zilIdQ_z7pt9upCP0IpzfgOJumtSNEjpB33cigzEFre-1RGr2yQs/s1600/IMG_20170102_140227.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8BghbcU2aUCZ63x6r23ZiqTbZvQ70ZmEHR64s_4ZdvflGD7dyJCK91rvrVMumbPEt2FGwQd5gPm2g4vEPt_myrr3zilIdQ_z7pt9upCP0IpzfgOJumtSNEjpB33cigzEFre-1RGr2yQs/s320/IMG_20170102_140227.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
Using my refractometer, the must is 22.2 degrees Brix, which means that it'll ferment out to about 11 percent alcohol if it ferments to dryness, although the yeast cakes will add a little more fermentable matter, as will the additional honey.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSwE_zLEHGBgZDKgRi2nnhIs4jsBEexhA_8k3HwK8UMOCqGwjjMeLgZyBGDZTrg4xWbbMWHi0zOB27PX7H5G3tMweS4fRdi1ipx0_o5TfR3b03u5DFbtZvbTu4whbp9OoH0mPYsGG0zMg/s1600/IMG_20170102_140513.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSwE_zLEHGBgZDKgRi2nnhIs4jsBEexhA_8k3HwK8UMOCqGwjjMeLgZyBGDZTrg4xWbbMWHi0zOB27PX7H5G3tMweS4fRdi1ipx0_o5TfR3b03u5DFbtZvbTu4whbp9OoH0mPYsGG0zMg/s320/IMG_20170102_140513.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Refractometers are great, by the way</span></div>
<br />
I let the must cool to room temperature in the pot because I didn't want to risk shattering the glass jar with the temperature shock, because I don't want to cook the yeast, and because I suspect that the directions to "mutually agitate" (相攪) might result in aerating the must, which improves the quality of western meads quite a bit.<br />
<br />
Yeast is mostly anaerobic, but to produce a few oils it needs for reproduction, it uses oxygen. Boiled water has had almost all of the oxygen driven out, so aerating it once it's cool is a good idea. I'm not going crazy though, just stirring it with a spoon. It's unclear how necessary this is with the wheat yeast cakes, and the other microorganisms in the culture, since the wheat may provide enough of the oils that the yeast won't need to make them, and who knows what the other stuff in there react to having or lacking oxygen.<br />
<br />
Once it was down to 100 or so I added the yeast. There's no instruction to cool the must in the recipe, so I think cooling completely is probably not intended, although it's a little hard to tell without more recipes from this same author.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIKNigbepiWtsGZu822a2qstEOzrXX-zmLOuhTDI7JY1DQgyWFQM5a5WK7OmrOsK4s3tp_AN6UVEdALGy52KCcAlADGv7Bw7hkoE9kqf6o8CIAzNNepx5C3YKulFs4BEc8yEajP6I3n0Y/s1600/IMG_20170102_144505.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIKNigbepiWtsGZu822a2qstEOzrXX-zmLOuhTDI7JY1DQgyWFQM5a5WK7OmrOsK4s3tp_AN6UVEdALGy52KCcAlADGv7Bw7hkoE9kqf6o8CIAzNNepx5C3YKulFs4BEc8yEajP6I3n0Y/s320/IMG_20170102_144505.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
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During brewing, very little bubble activity happened, at least when I could see it. I crushed up two commercial yeast cakes and tossed them in too, to be safe, in case I had heat shocked my initial culture. Because I couldn't identify bubbling, I skipped the optional small second addition of honey.<br />
<br />
A few months passed...<br />
<h2>
Results</h2>
I bottled the mead - it's brilliantly clear:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizV49QsSoP4Ilb49C3ZXvAUbasQdEEklY1r7s1mNHLSxO6ELTd4-3DxXl7H96k8nW7m03XczB7chwLVvS9pK_p-50HACdyfasZBOCJ167E_DK-sZ8HPglbC1BeJGhOE_4IHSFdGDqopm8/s1600/IMG_20170323_110151.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizV49QsSoP4Ilb49C3ZXvAUbasQdEEklY1r7s1mNHLSxO6ELTd4-3DxXl7H96k8nW7m03XczB7chwLVvS9pK_p-50HACdyfasZBOCJ167E_DK-sZ8HPglbC1BeJGhOE_4IHSFdGDqopm8/s320/IMG_20170323_110151.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgJPPiQsL_Yv7qnIHkL4AOWxwoqa7Ji4w0yGBSA3VQ95m2OVEtQVBo-miJZr0B1WV4Y76YdqqO3etJQiMIlQHa81sgEhgEh13uaW5o3njZtFYoxqUdIkTCaKhWDqp2fSG93UQZKQUlW3g/s1600/IMG_20170323_110147.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgJPPiQsL_Yv7qnIHkL4AOWxwoqa7Ji4w0yGBSA3VQ95m2OVEtQVBo-miJZr0B1WV4Y76YdqqO3etJQiMIlQHa81sgEhgEh13uaW5o3njZtFYoxqUdIkTCaKhWDqp2fSG93UQZKQUlW3g/s320/IMG_20170323_110147.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<br />
The final refractometer reading was 7.8 degrees Brix, with a hydrometer gravity of 0.990. Because alcohol affects these readings differently, we can compute the final alcohol content in two ways:<br />
<br />
<ol>
<li>Using the original and final Brix measurements, we get 13.5% using <a href="https://www.brewersfriend.com/abv-calculator/">Northern Brewer's calculator</a> (and using the calculator below to get a starting gravity of 1.093). This method assumes that there were no undissolved fermentables when I took the initial measurement.</li>
<li>Using the final refractometer reading and the final hydrometer reading. Northern Brewer also has <a href="https://www.northernbrewer.com/learn/resources/refractometer-calculator/">a calculator for this</a>, which gives 13.8%.</li>
</ol>
<div>
The two measurements are close, but the second is a little higher, which suggests to me that some of the alcohol is coming from the wheat starch being digested and fermented. I'm not sure I have enough precision to tell for sure, though.</div>
<h3>
Tasting Notes</h3>
<div>
The nose is mostly mead-like, with notes of alcohol, candied fruit, and grain. It's got a medium-light body with a slight burn, and is lightly sweet and lightly tart. The aftertaste has notes of grain, and a sake-like character which must be coming from the molds.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
The honey I used tends to leave a distinct honey aroma, and it did here as well.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<br />
It's interesting that the mead came out so clearly, especially since the original recipe was taking steps to ensure clarity: keeping the yeast in a fine bag. My nylon bag doesn't filter as well, but siphoning does a really good job at keeping sediment out of the final mead, so it balances out.<br />
<br />
I'm pretty happy with how this came out. The mead is pleasant to drink, and the yeast cakes add interesting malt notes and a hit of bitterness that balances nicely with the flavors from the honey. If this mead is typical of Chinese meads, then the defining difference between Chinese and western simple meads is the presence of grain and malt flavors, and the sake-like flavors from the molds used.<br />
<br />
It's worth pointing out that, since this was pretty dry, I may not be hitting the right flavor profile. From the original recipe,<br />
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<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; padding: 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">予嘗試為之,味甜如醇醪,善飲之人,恐非其好也。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; padding: 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.6667px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">I tried this myself, and the flavor was sweet like rich-tasting shortwine, but experienced drinkers may not enjoy it as much.</span></div>
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</tbody></table>
<br />
One thing to try might be fermenting this colder. A cooler ferment should leave more sugar in the wine, although it would be less stable. Warm it up and it might start fermenting again, which is a problem if you want to bottle it.<br />
<br />
I'll make more of this - this is a good way to use up the old yeast cakes that I've got from 2015, and clear out space for fresh ones which I'll be starting soon.<br />
<br />
<br />
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Alec Storyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00060249149152911264noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204672279530552246.post-51576759528117368232017-03-07T20:33:00.003-05:002017-05-09T23:50:09.320-04:00Dairy ProductsThat dastardly cooks mailing list has got me translating food recipes again.<br />
<br />
Qimin Yaoshu has a few recipes for three dairy products. One, 酪 lào means something like "curdled milk" and is a variety of yogurt based on the recipe. The next, 乾酪 gānlào "dry <i>lao</i>" is something we don't have a good western analogue for, but is basically dried milk skins. Ever make pudding and peel off the dried skin? Like that. Finally, we have a recipe for what is probably butter, 酥 sū.<br />
<br />
It's interesting that the dry <i>lao</i> doesn't add salt, like I would expect for something intended to keep. It's also pretty funny how specific the author is about using dung as your fuel. Which you should be sure to gather ahead of time!<br />
<br />
These recipes are in the middle of the chapter on raising sheep. The recipe for <i>lao</i> actually starts off with a page or so on how and when to milk your livestock - they weren't killing calves or lambs it seems, so the timing on when to milk so as to not starve your young livestock was important. This is not a dairy culture, but one that uses dairy incidentally.<br />
<br />
The next paragraph after these recipes is treating scabies, so this is really pretty incidental it seems - it's not with the rest of the recipes for food. More of a "well if you're gonna have cows and sheep, you might as well take advantage of them," it seems.<br />
<br />
I haven't made these translations with the level of precision I'd like, but I think they're mostly uncontroversial. I'll eventually go back and revise them to align more with the annotated versions I have. The text is red, which means that Wikipedia thinks this is from our annotator, but I'm not sure.<br />
<br />
<b id="docs-internal-guid-2dddde0f-ab8a-dc33-f591-948f19442e01" style="font-weight: normal;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-2dddde0f-ab8a-fd62-dd2b-74b44d406e62"></span></b><br />
<h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">作酪法:To Make Curdled Milk [Perhaps like Yogurt, or Kumiss]</span></h2>
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-left: 0pt;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; width: 468pt;"><colgroup><col width="*"></col><col width="*"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span id="docs-internal-guid-2dddde0f-ab8c-7421-2597-113701bf6c8a"><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">捋訖,於鐺釜中緩火煎之——火急則著底焦。</span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-2dddde0f-ab8c-855a-bfef-dcc85dec3383"><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">After you have milked them [cows or sheep], take a cauldron over a slow fire and simmer the milk — if the fire is too hot you will scorch the bottom.</span></span></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">常以正月、二月預收乾牛羊矢煎乳,第一好:草既灰汁,柴又喜焦;乾糞火軟,無此二患。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Usually, during the first or second month, one prepares dry cow and sheep dung to simmer the milk, as it is the best: grass makes a grey ash-water, with wood it’s easy to scald, but dry manure makes a soft fire, and avoids these two illnesses.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">常以杓揚乳,勿令溢出;時復徹底縱橫直勾,慎勿圓攪,圓攪喜斷。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Usually, one uses a ladle to stir the milk, not allowing it to overflow. Stir it in straight lines vertically and horizontally, being careful not to agitate it circularly, as if you do it may snap.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">亦勿口吹,吹則解。四五沸便止。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Neither should you blow on it, as it will then dissolve. Bring it to the fourth or fifth boil and then stop [Chinese system to describe how hard of a boil - this is pretty hard].</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">瀉著盆中,勿便揚之。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pour into a basin, and do not stir.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">待小冷,掠取乳皮,著別器中,以為酥。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Let it cool a little. Take the skin and put it into another vessel - this is </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">su</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">屈木為棬,以張生絹袋子,濾熟乳,著瓦瓶子中臥之。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Using bent wood as a stick, take a sheet of fresh </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">juan</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> [dense plain tabby silk] as a bag, and strain the cooked milk, and put it into an earthenware bottle to store.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">新瓶即直用之,不燒。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">If the bottle is new, use it directly, don’t heat it.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">若舊瓶已曾臥酪者,每臥酪時,輒須灰火中燒瓶,令津出,迴轉燒之,皆使周匝熱徹,好乾,待冷乃用。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">If the bottle is old, or used once for curdled milk, then every time you use it for milk you must heat it in the ashes of a fire, until it sweats, and rotate it as you heat it, so that it is evenly heated throughout, and very dry, and then once cooled you may use it.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">不燒者,有潤氣,則酪斷不成。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">If you do not heat it, and there is moisture, then the curdled milk will snap and not form.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">若日日燒瓶,酪猶有斷者,作酪屋中有蛇、蝦蟆故也。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">If you only dry the bottles in the sun, the curdled milk will snap all the same, or if there are snakes or toads in the room you make curdled milk in.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">宜燒人髮,羊牛角以辟之,聞臭氣則去矣。 </span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">If you happen to burn hair, or cow or sheeps’ horn, the smell will be awful, so get rid of them.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">其臥酪待冷暖之節,溫溫小暖於人體為合宜適。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">As for the daily temperature variation of the curdled milk, lightly warming it to human body temperature is appropriate.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">熱臥則酪醋,傷冷則難成。 </span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">If you keep it hot, the curdled milk will turn to vinegar, and if it is injuriously cold, it will have difficulty setting.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">濾乳訖,以先成甜酪為酵——大率熟乳一升,用酪半匙——著杓中,以匙痛攪令散,瀉著熟乳中,仍以杓攪使均調。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">After straining the milk, take freshly-made sweet curdled milk as a starter culture — at a rate of one </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">sheng</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> [~30 mL at this time in history] to one-half spoon of curdled milk — and stir the middle with a ladle. Use a spoon to deeply stir it until it disperses, and pour it into the cooked curdled milk, still stirring until it’s evenly mixed.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">以氊、絮之屬,茹瓶令暖。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Use something like felt or silk floss to keep the bottle warm.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">良久,以單布蓋之。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">After a good while, cover it with a single layer of cloth.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">明旦酪成。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">At sunrise, the curdled milk will be done.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">若去城中遠,無熟酪作酵者,急揄醋飧,研熟以為酵——大率一斗乳,下一匙飧——攪令均調,亦得成。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">If you are bringing it a distance into town, and have no finished curdled milk to serve as a starter culture, you may in a pinch draw out “vinegar dinner”, grind it well and use it as a starter — at a rate of one </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dou</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> [300 mL] curdled milk to one ladle “dinner” — mix it evenly, and it will also work.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">其酢酪為酵者,酪亦醋;甜酵傷多,酪亦醋。 </span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">As for the using of vinegar as a starter for curdled milk, the curdled milk will also be vinegary. If sweet curdled milk is harmed in several ways, it will also be vinegary.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">其六七月中作者,臥時令如人體,直置冷地,不須溫茹。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">When you make this in the sixth or seventh month, when you store it make it like a human body [warm?], and then put it directly into a cold place - there’s no need for insulating wrapping</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">冬天作者,臥時少令熱於人體,降於餘月,茹令極熱。〉</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">When you make this in winter, store it a little warmer than a human body, and if below an extra-calary month, wrap it so that it is very warm.</span></div>
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</div>
<h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">作乾酪法:To Make Dry Curdled Milk:</span></h2>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-left: 0pt;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; width: 468pt;"><colgroup><col width="*"></col><col width="*"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">〈七月、八月中作之。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Make this in the middle of the 7th or 8th months.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">日中炙酪,酪上皮成,掠取。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Broil curdled milk in the middle of the day, and when a skin forms, remove it.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">更炙之,又掠。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Keep broiling, and again remove it.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">肥盡無皮,乃止。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">When the fat is depleted and there is no skin, stop.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">得一斗許,於鐺中炒少許時,即出於盤上,日曝。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Get about one </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dou</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> [300 mL], stir-fry it in a pot for a little while, and then put it on a plate and dry it in the sun.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">浥浥時作團,大如梨許。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Dampen it a little and form balls, about as big as a[n asian] pear.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">又曝使乾。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Again sun them until dry</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">得經數年不壞,以供遠行。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">They will last several years without spoiling, and will supply long journeys.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">作粥作漿時,細削,著水中煮沸,便有酪味。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">When making congee or broth, file them, add them to the boiling liquid, and it will have the flavor of curdled milk.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">亦有全擲一團著湯中,嘗有酪味,還漉取曝乾。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">You can also toss an entire ball into broth, and it will add the flavor of curdled milk, and then strain the ball out and dry it in the sun.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">一團則得五遍煮,不破。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">One ball will thusly supply five boils, without wearing out.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">看勢兩漸薄,乃削研,用倍省矣。〉</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">If you see that the strength has reduced and thinned, then cut and grind [off the outside] and you can use it economically more times.</span></div>
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</tbody></table>
</div>
<h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">作漉酪法:To Make Strained Curdled Milk:</span></h2>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-left: 0pt;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; width: 468pt;"><colgroup><col width="*"></col><col width="*"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">〈八月中作。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Do this in the middle of the 8th month.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">取好淳酪,生布袋盛,懸之,當有水出滴滴然下。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Take good, pure curdled milk, and put it in a new cloth bag, hang it, and allow liquid to drip out.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">水盡,著鐺中暫炒,即出於盤上,日曝。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">When the liquid is exhausted, briefly stir-fry it in a frying pan, and then put it on a plate, and dry it in the sun.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">浥浥時作團,大如梨許。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Dampen it a little and form balls, about as big as a[n asian] pear.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">亦數年不壞。削作粥、漿,味勝前者。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">They will last several years without spoiling. Pare it into congee, broth, and the flavor will be better than before.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">炒雖味短,不及生酪,然不炒生蟲,不得過夏。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Although the flavor is brief when stir-frying, and not as good as fresh curdled milk, if you don’t stir-fry it, it will sprout worms, and not last until the summer.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">乾、漉二酪,久停皆有暍氣,不如年別新作,歲管用盡。〉</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">When dry, … [hard to translate, not really part of the recipe]</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">作馬酪酵法:To Make A Curdled Horse Milk Starter Culture:</span></h2>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-left: 0pt;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; width: 468pt;"><colgroup><col width="*"></col><col width="*"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">〈用驢乳汁二三升,和馬乳,不限多少。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Use 2-3 </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">sheng</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> [60-90 mL] of donkey milk together with horse milk in any quantity.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">澄酪成,取下澱,團,曝乾。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">After making clear curdled milk, take the sediment from the bottom, form it into a ball, and air dry it.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">後歲作酪,用此為酵也。〉</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In a later year when you make curdled milk, use this as your starter culture.</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<b style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></b>
<br />
<h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">抨酥法:To Stir </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Su</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> [Butter?]:</span></h2>
<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-left: 0pt;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; width: 468pt;"><colgroup><col width="*"></col><col width="*"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">〈以夾榆木椀為杷子——</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Use an elm branch as a stick — </span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">作杷法:割去椀半上,剜四廂各作一團孔,大小徑寸許,正底施長柄,如酒杷形——</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">To make the stick: cut a branch off half way up, and on each of the four sides make a round hole, about one </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">cun </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">[~1”] in diameter, and attach an axe handle at the bottom, in the form of a wine-stick —</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">抨酥,酥酪甜醋皆得所,數日陳酪極大醋者,亦無嫌。 </span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">When stirring </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">su</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, you may make it from </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">su</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> or curdled milk, sweet or sour. Even laying out curdled milk for a few days until it becomes very sour you can still be without doubt.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">酪多用大甕,酪少用小甕,置甕於日中。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">If you have a lot of curdled milk, use a big </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">weng</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> [earthenware urn, sealed like you do a cast iron frying pan]; if you only have a little use a little </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">weng</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, and put the </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">weng</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> in the sun.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">旦起,瀉酪著甕中炙,直至日西南角,起手抨之,令杷子常至甕底。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">At sunrise, pour the curdled milk into the </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">weng</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> and roast it, until the sun is in the southwest, start stirring, allowing the stick to often reach the bottom of the </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">weng</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">一食頃,作熱湯,水解,令得下手,瀉著甕中。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">After a mealtime has passed, make a hot boiling water, [water dissolve?], start stirring and put it into the </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">weng</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">湯多少,令常半酪。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The hot water should be about half the volume of the curdled milk.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">乃抨之。良久,酥出,復下冷水。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Then stir it. After a while, the </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">su</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> will appear, and again add cold water.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">冷水多少,亦與湯等。更急抨之。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The cold water should be about the same as the hot. Again rapidly stir it.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">於此時,杷子不須復達甕底,酥已浮出故也。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">At this time, you don’t need to continue hitting the bottom of the </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">weng</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> with the stick, as the </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">su</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> has already appeared.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">酥既遍覆酪上,更下冷水,多少如前。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">su</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> should already cover the curdled milk, and again add cold water, the same amount as before.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">酥凝,抨止。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">When the </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">su</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> congeals, stop stirring.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">大盆盛冷水著甕邊,以手接酥,沈手盆水中,酥自浮出。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Put a big basin of cold water at the edge of the </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">weng</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, and use your hand to transfer the </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">su</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, plunging your hands into the basin so that the </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">su</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> floats to the top.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">更掠如初,酥盡乃止。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Again skim as before, until there is no more </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">su</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">抨酥酪漿,中和飧粥。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Put some dinner-congee into the broth left from making the </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">su</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">盆中浮酥,得冷悉凝,以手接取,搦去水,作團,著銅器中,或不津瓦器亦得。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Make the floating </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">su</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> in the basin cold to congeal, and use your hand to transfer it, press out the water, make it into balls, and put it into a copper/brass vessel, or a dry ceramic vessel works too.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">十日許,得多少,併內鐺中,燃牛羊矢緩火煎,如香澤法。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">After about ten days, take a few, combine them in a pot, and gently simmer them over a cow or sheep dung fire, like making perfumed hair cream / oil / fragrance</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">當日內乳涌出,如雨打水聲,水乳既盡,聲止沸定,酥便成矣。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">That day, the milk inside will seep forth, and make a sound like raindrops. The water-milk will eventually be exhausted, and when the sound stops and the boil stops, the </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">su</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> will be finished.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">冬即內著羊肚中,夏盛不津器。 </span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In winter store this in a sheep’s stomach, in summer store it in a dry vessel.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">初煎乳時,上有皮膜,以手隨即掠取,著別器中;</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">When first boiling the milk, a skin will form on top - use your hand to pick it off, and put it into a separate vessel.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">瀉熟乳著盆中,未濾之前,乳皮凝厚,亦悉掠取;</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pour the cooked milk into a basin, and before you finish straining, a milk skin will congeal. Also take this.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">明日酪成,若有黃皮,亦悉掠取:併著甕中,以物痛熟研良久,下湯又研,亦下冷水,純是好酥。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The next day, the curdled milk will be finished, and if it has a yellow skin, also take it: accumulate these in a </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">weng</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, and carefully sift out the particles. Add it to hot water and again sift, and then add cold water. Purity makes a good </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">su</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">接取,作團,與大段同煎矣。〉</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #996666; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Take it, make it into balls, and simmer it like the rest.</span></div>
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Alec Storyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00060249149152911264noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204672279530552246.post-66465454081333049332017-02-09T01:26:00.003-05:002017-02-09T02:30:03.866-05:00A Few Cooking RecipesI was asked by to translate some of the food recipes in Qimin Yaoshu by some SCA colleagues, so I thought I'd share them. I'm hoping they'll give me cooking and tasting notes, which of course I'll share here.<br />
<br />
It's worth pointing out that this book is from northern China, and probably has a fair amount of barbarian influence on the cooking, hence all the sheep (or goat, they're the same word) meat.<br />
<br />
There are quantities here that I should explain before we dive in.<br />
<h2>
Weight</h2>
<div>
1 <i>jin</i> = 16 <i>liang</i></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
<div>
A reasonable guess of the weight in this period and locality in modern units is that 1 <i>jin</i> is 440 grams.</div>
<h2>
Volume</h2>
<div>
1 <i>dan</i> = 10 <i>dou</i></div>
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1 <i>dou</i> = 10 <i>sheng</i></div>
<div>
1 <i>sheng </i>= 10 <i>ge</i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div>
A reasonable estimate of the volume in this period in modern units is that 1 <i>dou</i> is 3 liters.</div>
<h2>
羹臛法第七十六 Chapter 76: Methods for Stew and Broth.</h2>
<h3>
《食經》作芋子酸臛法:To Make Taro Seed Sour Broth From the Classic of Food:</h3>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">「豬羊肉各一斤,水一斗,煮令熟。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“One </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">jin</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> each of pork and sheep meat, one </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dou</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of water, boil until cooked.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">成治芋子一升——別蒸之——蔥白一升,著肉中合煮,使熟。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">One </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">sheng</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of ripe taro seeds — separately steamed — one </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">sheng</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of the whites of scallions, add it to the meat and boil together, until cooked.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">粳米三合,鹽一合,豉汁一升,苦酒五合,口調其味,生薑十兩。得臛一斗。」</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Add three </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ge</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of polished non-glutinous rice, one </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ge</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of salt, one </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">sheng</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of the juice from fermented beans, five </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ge</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of bitter wine, to taste. Add ten </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">liang</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> fresh ginger [this is a ton of ginger, 30% ginger by weight in the recipe. Maybe just one </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">liang</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">]. Yields one </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dou</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.”</span></div>
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<span id="docs-internal-guid-bc3df291-213e-d16e-6573-398a74eefd4f">
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<h2>
<a href="http://www.zdic.net/z/9e/kx/2666B.htm">𦙫</a>腤煎消法第七十八 Chapter 78: Various Ways to Cook Fish Using Water</h2>
<h3>
𦙫魚鮓法:A Method for Boiled Salted Fish Sauce:</h3>
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<b id="docs-internal-guid-4760a85f-2150-0f2d-24be-c2fe746f848b" style="font-weight: normal;"><div dir="ltr" style="margin-left: 0pt;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; width: 468pt;"><colgroup><col width="*"></col><col width="*"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">先下水、鹽、渾豉、擘蔥,次下豬、羊、牛三種肉,腤兩沸,下鮓。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">First take water, salt, mixed salted fermented beans, sliced scallions, and then add pork, mutton, and beef all three kinds of meat, boil them, and add the salted fish sauce</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0pt;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1pt; border-left: solid #000000 1pt; border-right: solid #000000 1pt; border-top: solid #000000 1pt; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 6pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">打破雞子四枚,瀉中,如瀹雞子法。雞子浮,便熟,食之。</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Break apart four chicken eggs, pour them in, as you would cook [poach] chicken eggs in a soup. When they float, they’re cooked, so eat them.</span></div>
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</b></h1>
<h3>
《食經》𦙫鮓法:A Method for Boiled Salted Fish Sauce from the Classic of Food</h3>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">「破生雞子,豉汁,鮓,俱煮沸,即奠。」</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“Break open chicken eggs, the juice from salted fermented beans and salted fish sauce, and boil them together, until it forms a stew.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">又云:「渾用豉。奠訖,以雞子、豉怗。」</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">It also says, “Mix up salted fermented beans. Set it out, and use chicken eggs, and salted fermented beans according to your observance.”</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">又云:「鮓沸,湯中與豉汁、渾蔥白,破雞子寫中。奠二升。用雞子,眾物是停也。」</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">It also says, “With the salted fish sauce boiling, add the juice from salted fermented beans, mix in scallion whites, and broken chicken eggs into the broth. Use chicken eggs, and nothing beyond these.</span></div>
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<h3>
五侯𦙫法:Mixing Food from Five Marquises</h3>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">用食板零𢬵 ,雜鮓、肉,合水煮,如作羹法。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Using a food board to chop and collect, mix the fish sauce and meat, and add water and boil as if you were making a stew.</span></div>
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<div>
The Five Marquise's Method for Fish Sauce was requested, but the recipe is pretty sparse, so I'm including the two recipes that precede it. These are both ways to cook <i>with</i> fish sauce, not to make it. Fish sauce recipes are also given - these are fermented fish sauces that include salt, like Roman <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garum">garum</a>. A close approximation would be modern fish sauces from southern China and Vietnam. These sauces seem to have been replaced with soy sauces in northern China.</div>
<div>
<h3>
《食經》曰作跳丸炙法:From the Classic of Food, To Make Dancing Meatballs</h3>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">「羊肉十斤,豬肉十斤,縷切之,生薑三升,橘皮五葉,藏瓜二升,蔥白五升,合擣,令如彈丸。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Take 10 </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">jin</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of mutton, ten </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">jin</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of pork, julienne them, take three </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">sheng</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of fresh ginger, five [“sheets/leaves” of] sourpeel tangerine (</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Citrus reticulata</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">) peels, two </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">sheng</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of stored gourds [</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Indofevillea khasiana</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, or more likely just pickled gourds], five </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">sheng</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of onion-whites, join them together and pound them, making them into meatballs.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">別以五斤羊肉作臛,乃下丸炙煮之,作丸也。」</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Separate five </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">jin</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of the sheep and braise [sear and simmer in its own juices] it, and then below the roasting spit boil the meatballs. This is how you make meatballs.</span></div>
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<h2>
餅法第八十二 Chapter 82: How to Make Cakes [Wheat and Rice Flour-Based Foods]</h2>
<h3>
《食經》曰:作餅酵法:From the Classic of Food, to Make Cake Leavening:</h3>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline;">酸漿一斗,煎取七升;用粳米一升著漿,遲下火,如作粥。 </span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Take one </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline;">dou</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline;"> of sour rice water [possibly instead, </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline;">Physalis alkekengi</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline;">], and boil it down to seven </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline;">sheng</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline;">. Take one </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline;">sheng</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline;"> of glutinous rice and add it to the broth, and after some time lower the fire, like making porridge.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline;">六月時,溲一石麵,著二升;冬時,著四升作。</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline;">In june, soak one </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline;">dan</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline;"> of flour, and add two </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline;">sheng</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline;">. In winter, add four </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline;">sheng</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span></div>
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<h3>
作白餅法:To Make White Cakes:</h3>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">麵一石。</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">One </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dan</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of flour.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">白米七八升,作粥,以白酒六七升酵中,著火上。</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Take seven or eight </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">sheng</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of white rice, and make a porridge. Use six or seven </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">sheng</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of white [rice] wine lees, and add to a fire.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">酒魚眼沸,絞去滓,以和麵。</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">When the wine boils with bubbles the size of fish eyes, press off the dregs, and add the flour.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">麵起可作。</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">When the dough rises, you may bake it.</span></div>
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<h3>
作燒餅法:To Make Roasted Cakes:</h3>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">麵一斗。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">One </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dou</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of flour.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">羊肉二斤,蔥白一合,豉汁及鹽,熬令熟,炙之。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Take Two </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">jin</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of mutton, one </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ge</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of onion heads, salted fermented bean juice and salt and stir-fry until done and then bake it.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">麵當令起。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The dough will rise.</span></div>
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<h2>
糉䊦法第八十三 Chapter 83: Tamales [Zongzi]</h2>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">《風土記》注云:</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Record of Natural Occurrences</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> comments: </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">「俗先以二節一日,用菰葉裹黍米,以淳濃灰汁煮之,令爛熟,於五月五日、夏至啖之。</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">“It’s customary to on one day of two festivals place Proso millet inside the leaves of wild rice (</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zizania_latifolia" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Zizania latifolia</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">), take the juice from pure thick ashes and boil them, until well cooked. Eat these on the fifth day of the fifth month [</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">the Dragon Boat festival</span></a><span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">], or on the summer solstice.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">黏黍一名『糉』,一曰『角黍』,蓋取陰陽尚相裹未分散之時象也。」</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Another name for glutinous millet is “zong,” or “horned millet.” Undoubtedly, this is the image of yin and yang mutually surpassing each other and not yet having been separated inside.</span></div>
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<h3>
《食經》云粟黍法:From the Classic of Food, Tamales [Zongzi]:</h3>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">先取稻,漬之使釋。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">First take rice [probably dry-field short-grain and/or glutinous, although other varieties also possible] and soak them to clarify.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">計二升米,以成粟一斗,著竹𥯕內,米一行,粟一行,裹,以繩縛。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Take perhaps 20 </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">sheng</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of rice, one </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dou</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of rinsed clean </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Setaria</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> millet, and put it within a bamboo tube, the rice together and the millet together, inside, and use a rope to truss it up.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">其繩相去寸所一行。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Make the trusses 1” apart.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">須釜中煮,可炊十石米間,黍熟。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">You must boil it in a wok, and you can cook ten </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dan</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of grain in it, until the tamales are cooked.</span></div>
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<h2>
<br />作𦵔藏生菜法第八十八 Chapter 88: Pickling and Storing Fresh Vegetables</h2>
<h3>
蕪菁、菘、葵、蜀芥鹹𦵔法:To Make Salted Pickles From Field Mustard [Brassica rapa, possibly a turnip], Cabbage [Brassica chinensis], Mallow [Malva crispa] and Shu Mustard [Brassica juncea]:</h3>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">收菜時,即擇取好者,菅、蒲束之。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">When you take vegetables, take the good ones, and bind them with kangaroo grass [</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Themeda" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Themeda gigantea</span></a><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">] or sweet-flag [</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acorus_calamus" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Acorus calamus</span></a><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, possibly bulrushes </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Typha orientalis</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">]</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">作鹽水,令極鹹,於鹽水中洗菜,即內甕中。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Make salt water, making it very salty, and wash the vegetables in the salt water, and then put it into a </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">weng</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> [an urn].</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">若先用淡水洗者,𦵔爛。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">If you wash with fresh water, the pickles will rot.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">其洗菜鹽水,澄取清者,瀉著甕中,令沒菜把即止,不復調和。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">As for the washing of the vegetables in salt water, when it clarifies, pour it into the </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">weng</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, just to cover the vegetables, do not re-harmonize them.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">𦵔色仍青,以水洗去鹹汁,煮為茹,與生菜不殊。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">While the pickles are still green, use water to wash off some of the salt, and boil it to eat, and eating them with fresh vegetables is not peculiar.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">其蕪菁、蜀芥二種,三日抒出之。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">For the field mustard and the Shu mustard, ladel them out after three days.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">粉黍米,作粥清;擣麥麵䴷作末,絹篩。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Make porridge-clear [the clear, starchy liquid that accumulates on top of porridge] out of proso millet powder. Pound wheat/barley corns to dust, and sieve it through a thick tabby-woven silk cloth.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">布菜一行,以䴷末薄坌之,即下熱粥清。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Spread the vegetables as a group, and dust them with the flour, and then add them to the cooked porridge-clear.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">重重如此,以滿甕為限。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Layer them repeatedly like this, and fill the whole </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">weng</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></div>
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<h4>
其布菜法:To spread out the vegetables:</h4>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">每行必莖葉顛倒安之。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Every layer must alternate stems and leaves.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">舊鹽汁還瀉甕中。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Still add the old salt water to the </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">weng</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">𦵔色黃而味美。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">When the pickles are yellow, the flavor will be good.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">作淡𦵔 ,用黍米粥清,及麥䴷末,味亦勝。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">To make mild pickles, use Proso millet porridge-clear, and wheat/barley flour, and the flavor will also be excellent.</span></div>
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<h3>
作湯𦵔法:To Make Blanched Pickles:</h3>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">菘菜佳,蕪菁亦得。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Take good cabbage, and field mustard.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">收好菜,擇訖,即於熱湯中煠出之。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Take the good vegetables and pick them over, and blanch them in hot water.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">若菜已萎者,水洗,漉出,經宿生之,然後湯煠。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">If the vegetables are already wilted, wash them in water, drain them, and freshen them overnight, and then blanch them.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">煠訖,冷水中濯之,鹽、醋中。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">After blanching, rinse them in cold water, and add to salted vinegar.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">熬胡麻油著,香而且脆。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Fry in sesame oil, and they will be fragrant and crispy.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">多作者,亦得至春不敗。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">If you make a lot, it should last until the spring without spoiling.</span></div>
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<h3>
䖆𦵔法:To Make Niang [A Kind of Vegetable] Pickles:</h3>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">𦵔 ,菜也。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Niang</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> is a vegetable.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">一曰:𦵔不切曰「䖆𦵔 」。用乾蔓菁,正月中作。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">One said, it’s pronounced [this way], and “</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">niang</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> means pickles.” Use dry field mustard [leaf or seed unclear], and make it on New Year’s day.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">以熱湯浸菜冷柔軟,解辮,擇治,淨洗。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Soak the vegetables in hot water until soft when cold. Tear off leaves, and join [plait, weave?] them, selecting well, and then wash them clean.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">沸湯煠,即出,於水中淨洗,復作鹽水暫度,出著箔上。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Blanch in boiling water, immediately take them out, and then wash again in water, and as before put the vegetables in a batch of salt water, and put them out on a bamboo screen.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">經宿,菜色生好。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pass a night, and the color of the vegetables will have improved.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">粉黍米粥清,亦用絹篩麥䴷末,澆𦵔布菜,如前法;然後粥清不用大熱。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Take Proso millet flour porridge-clear made with barley [possibly wheat] bits sifted through thick tabby-woven silk. Irrigate the the pickle vegetables, as in the previous recipe. Then, the porridge-clear won’t require a great heat. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">其汁纔令相淹,不用過多。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">When the liquor is just cold, immerse it, not using too much.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">泥頭七日,便熟。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Seal the head [of the vessel] for seven days, and then it will be done.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">𦵔甕以穰茹之,如釀酒法。</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Wrap the pickling </span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">weng</span><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 11pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> [jar] in straw, as you would to make wine.</span></div>
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One interesting thing about these pickles is the addition of starch. Pickling relies on acid to sour the pickles and preserve them. Some pickles just add a bunch of vinegar. Others rely on fermentation to produce lactic acid from starches in the vegetables - sauerkraut does this. These pickles are doing that, but also adding starch to make the process go faster, more sour, and more reliably.</div>
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Alec Storyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00060249149152911264noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204672279530552246.post-18701246748068835632016-12-04T20:16:00.000-05:002017-05-09T23:49:40.281-04:00Su Dongpo Is A Tease<a href="http://brewing.alecstory.org/2016/12/a-mead-recipe.html">Last time</a>, I translated a mead recipe from Zhang Bangji, which he claimed was the one Su Dongpo used and <a href="http://brewing.alecstory.org/2016/11/chinese-mead.html">wrote poems about</a>. Apparently unbeknownst to Zhang Bangji, but knownst to us, Su Dongpo wrote a huge book of literary spew where he talked about random topics, <i><a href="http://ctext.org/library.pl?if=en&res=681">Dongpo's Forest of Footnotes</a></i>. One of those footnotes, the twelfth entry on scroll eight, is about mead.<br />
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This is a received text, a scan of an 18th century copy made during an attempt to catalog and reproduce every book ever written, which means that there's no punctuation since it hadn't become popular in China yet. I'm going to lean a bit on the punctuation from the <a href="http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_9260f8e90101oj3q.html">blog post</a> that led me to this text, but the blog post was missing some phrases so I've taken a more rigorous crack at translating it than I did in my first blog post.<br />
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<span id="docs-internal-guid-d150c892-cc5e-c3e9-3300-551f8b93c50f"></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">予作蜜酒格與真水亂</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">My method for mead: stir together in pure water:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">每米一斗用蒸餅麵二兩半餅子一兩半如常法取醅液</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">For every </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dou</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of grain, 2.5 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">liang </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">of steam-cake flour, and “cake seeds” 1.5 </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">liang</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> just like the normal way for taking the liquid from un-pressed wine.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">再入蒸餅麵一兩</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Add another </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">liang</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of steam-cake flour.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">釀之三日嘗</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ferment for three days.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">看味當極辣且硬則以一斗米炊飯投之</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Observe the flavor - is it appropriate? If it’s harsh or hard, then take another </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dou</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of cooked grain and add it.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">若甜軟則每投更入麴與餅各半兩</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">If it’s sweet and soft, then with every addition also add yeast cakes and [other] cakes, one half </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">liang</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> each.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">又三日再投而熟</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Wait another three days and it will be done.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">全在釀者斟酌增損也入水少為佳</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">When fermenting, always be aware of how the brew will expand and contract. The less water you add, the better.</span></div>
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<br />
This recipe has some problems. There are questions about what "steam-cake flour" and "cake seeds" are, but I think those are just different kinds of yeast cakes, ground up. But worse, where's the honey?<br />
<br />
The text could be corrupted. It's hard to know if that's the case, so I'm going to ignore that possibility.<br />
<br />
One interpretation of the text as it stands is that this isn't a mead recipe but a "honey wine" recipe - wine that tastes like, or is somehow otherwise reminiscent of honey. I don't think that's very convincing unless it's unrelated to the author's poem about mead, which is definitely about mead since it mentions bees several times.<br />
<br />
A possibility raised by my colleague <a href="http://ealdormerewiki.gyges.org/wiki/doku.php?id=people:song_zidie">Song Zidie</a> is that the “steamed cake flour” and “cake seeds” contain the honey. “Cake seeds” may actually mean “pancakes.” This strikes me as unlikely, but it’s definitely not outside the realm of Chinese brewing (see: <a href="http://brewing.alecstory.org/2016/11/mutton-wine.html">mutton wine</a>). Scroll 7 contains a reference to “steam cakes” that says something like “Some years ago there was a flood in [place] [...] and when the waters receded, [the river] was silted up, and was not able to be deep. It was called “steam cake silt,” and the court hated it.” I don’t see that too much can be drawn from this text, though. Other references to “steamed cakes” really do seem to mean the food, cakes that are steamed, not yeast cakes so I’m confused here.<br />
<br />
Another interpretation is that I've got something wrong with that first line. It's weird grammatically which might mean that I'm parsing it wrong. Let's break it down. When a character has multiple meanings in A Student's Dictionary, I'll number them, and omit meanings I think don't fit.<br />
予 "1. I, me"<br />
作 "3. devise, create, make."<br />
蜜 "1. honey, sweet; possibly pre-Han loanword from the Tocharian B mit [this doesn’t help but is super cool].”<br />
酒 “generic term for alcoholic beverages produced through fermentation.”<br />
格 1. “Frame(work), structure, scaffold(ing). 2. Established custom or law, precedent, protocol. 3. Bring to (proper) pattern, systematize; frame, put together, coordinate.”<br />
與 “2. Join with”<br />
真 “1. b. Pure, perfect.”<br />
水 “1. Water, liquid.”<br />
亂 “1. b. trouble(d); confuse(d); blur(red); jumble(d), mix(ed) up.”<br />
<br />
I think 予作蜜酒格 is the “topic” of the sentence: “The framework [I use] when I make mead.” Which leaves 與真水亂. 真水 is pretty clearly “pure water” - I don’t see any other plausible readings. 與...亂 suggests “Join x and the following, and mix” but it’s funny diction. There are other words for mix that I would expect in this context (混, 攪 for example). So maybe it’s saying to join the following ingredients with pure water mixed with something? And maybe that something is implied to be honey? It’s a stretch. I’m not sure.<br />
<br />
I'm disappointed that this recipe isn't very useful as it stands, but we do have the other mead recipe from Zhang Bangji, so I think I'll start by trying that one out.<br />
<br />
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Alec Storyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00060249149152911264noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204672279530552246.post-86249260821181196402016-12-04T18:47:00.000-05:002017-05-09T23:46:43.034-04:00A Mead RecipeRecently, I <a href="http://brewing.alecstory.org/2016/11/chinese-mead.html">posted</a> about my search for a Chinese mead recipe, and some potential leads.<br />
<br />
Today, I cracked open the English-language textbook on Chinese food and beverage production, <i>Science and Civilisation in China Volume 6 Biology and Biological Technology Part V: Fermentation and Food Science</i>, and it contains a section on mead (page 246)!<br />
<br />
It backs up my research so far, although it doesn't include the really early archaeological finds because they were excavated after it was published. There are a few mentions of honey used for various things in the classical period, but it isn't until the Tang dynasty in about 650 that we start to see references to mead.<br />
<br />
The Song dynasty author Zhang Bangji (張邦基) recorded in his book <a href="http://ctext.org/library.pl?if=gb&res=616"><i>Random Notes from the Scholar's Cottage</i> (<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;">《墨莊漫錄》)</span></a> what he claims is Su Dongpo's recipe for the mead mentioned in the poem I translated last time. <i>Science and Civilisation</i> has a translation, but I decided to make my own before I read theirs. It's in the fourth scroll, section 68:<br />
<div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-left: 0pt;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; width: 624px;"><colgroup><col width="*"></col><col width="*"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">東坡性喜飲,而飲亦不多。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">It being the cas</span>e that Dongpo’s nat<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">ure was to like to drink, when he drank he did not drink many different things [possibly just “did not drink much”].</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 53px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">在黃州嘗以蜜為釀,又作《蜜酒歌》,人罕傳其法。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huangzhou_District" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Huangzhou</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> he experimented with using honey to brew, and also wrote </span><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%9C%9C%E9%85%92%E6%AD%8C%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%A6%E6%95%98%EF%BC%89" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The Song of Mead</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, but people rarely share his method [for brewing].</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">每蜜用四斤煉熟,入熟湯相攪,成一斗,</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">For every four </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">jin</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of honey, purified fully, put it into boiling water and dissolve it, to make up one </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dou</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">入好麵曲二兩,南方白酒餅子米曲一兩半,</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Take two </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">liang</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of good wheat yeast cakes, and one </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">liang</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of southern </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baijiu" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">baijiu</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> yeast cakes.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">搗細,生絹袋盛,都置一器中,</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Grind until fine, put them in a newly-woven </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">juan</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> cloth [dense silk tabby] bag, and put everything in a single vessel.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">密封之,大暑中冷下,稍涼溫下,天冷即熱下,</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Seal it tight. In great heat cool it and in coolness warm it. If the weather is cold, then heat it.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">一二日即沸,又數日沸定,酒即清可飲。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In one or two days it will bubble, and after several more days the bubbling will stop. When the wine is clear you may drink it.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">初全帶蜜味,澄之半月,渾是佳酎。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">At first, it will keep the taste of honey, but after half a month of clarifying, it will be fine strong wine.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">方沸時,又煉蜜半斤,冷投之尤妙。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Again adding half a </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">liang</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of purified honey, cold, just when it begins to bubble is marvelous.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">予嘗試為之,味甜如醇醪,善飲之人,恐非其好也。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">I tried this myself, and the flavor was sweet like rich-tasting shortwine, but experienced drinkers may not enjoy it as much.</span></div>
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</div>
<br />
My translation agrees pretty closely with the <i>Science and Civilisation</i> translation.<br />
<br />
The recipe mixes weights and volumes, which means we need to be careful with the amounts we assign to them since it's not strictly proportional. Fortunately, Wang Li's dictionary has historical information on quantities. We want to know how big a <i>jin</i>, a <i>liang</i>, and a <i>dou</i> are, around 1100 CE, during the Northern Song dynasty. Su Dongpo wrote a little earlier than Zhang Bangji, but they were not so far apart.<br />
<br />
During the Song dynasty, Wang Li gives us the following sizes:<br />
1 <i>jin</i> is 16 <i>liang</i>, and based on archaeological finds a <i>jin</i> is about 633 g, so a <i>liang</i> is just under 40 g.<br />
1 <i>dou</i> is 9.5 L<br />
<br />
So, redacted, and rounding slightly, our recipe is:<br />
<ul>
<li>2.4 kg honey for the primary addition</li>
<li>20 g honey for the secondary addition</li>
<li>Water to make up 9.5 L</li>
<li>80g good wheat yeast cakes</li>
<li>40g southern <i>baijiu</i> yeast cakes</li>
</ul>
<div>
And following the steps above, which are pretty straightforward. This is about a 1:4 honey:water ratio, which will make a medium strength mead at about 10-13% abv, give or take. That explains why the author thinks it's nice, but not strong enough for drinkers used to 15-20+% wine produced by staggered additions of rice.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<a href="http://brewing.alecstory.org/2016/12/su-dongpo-is-tease.html">Next time</a>, we'll take a look at a recipe which might be from Su Dongpo himself!<br />
<br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>. </div>
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Alec Storyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00060249149152911264noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204672279530552246.post-35012073118920793852016-11-16T09:54:00.001-05:002017-05-09T23:46:16.777-04:00Mutton WineWhile reading <i>Science and Civilisation</i> about mead, I found this passage talking about the medicated wines in <i>The Wine Canon of North Hill</i> (北山酒經):<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Two wines with animal components are included, the venerable tiger-bone wine and the estimable mutton wine. The tiger-bone is still going strong, but the lamb appears to have lost its appeal. (page 237)</blockquote>
For a brief moment I felt safe in knowing that I didn't have a copy of the source text. These were simpler times, full of innocence and happiness. Then I though, "well, I should really make sure it hasn't been digitized yet" and lo and behold, <a href="http://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=803306">ctext.org has it</a>. Ugh. It's in the third chapter ("下")<br />
<br />
<h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 18pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 21.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">44</span></h2>
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<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; width: 624px;"><colgroup><col width="*"></col><col width="*"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; color: black; font-family: "verdana"; font-size: 18.666666666666664px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">〔白羊酒〕</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">White Mutton Wine</span></div>
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<h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 6pt; margin-top: 18pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 21.333333333333332px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">45</span></h2>
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<br /></div>
<span id="docs-internal-guid-41addb4f-6d9a-eba1-3d55-22342c414d67"></span><br />
<div dir="ltr" style="margin-left: 0pt;">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; width: 624px;"><colgroup><col width="*"></col><col width="*"></col></colgroup><tbody>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">臘月取絕嫩羯羊肉三十斤,</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In the twelfth month take thirty </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">jin</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of the meat of a particularly tender </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wether" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: #1155cc; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">wether</span></a><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">肉三十廳內要肥膘十斤,</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Within the thirty [</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">jin</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">?] should be ten </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">jin</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of fat.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">連骨使水六斗已來,</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Add six </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dou</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of water to the bones,</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">入鍋煮肉,令極軟。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Put it in a wok and boil the meat, and make it extremely soft.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">漉出骨,將肉絲擘碎、留著肉汁。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Strain out the bones, split and break down the meat fibers , and retain the broth.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">炊蒸酒飯時,勻撒脂肉拌飯上,蒸令軟。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">When you are steaming the rice for the wine, evenly scatter the fatty meat on the surface of the mixed rice, and steam it until it is soft.</span></div>
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<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">依常盤攪,使盡肉汁六斗,潑飶了,</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Mix it in a common bowl, use a full six </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">dou</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of the meat broth, to completely spread the savory flavor throughout.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">再蒸,良久卸案上,攤令溫涼得所。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Steam it again, a good long time to get rid of what’s on the table top, and spread it to cool.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">揀好腳醅,依前法酘拌,</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Select some good dregs, and mix it in according to the previous recipe.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">更使肉汁二升以來,收拾案上及元壓面水,</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Again take two </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">sheng</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> of meat broth, and put it together with what’s already on the table and the first liquid to be pressed out.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">依尋常大酒法日數,但曲盡於酴米中用爾。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pass a few days following the usual method for big wines, but only use yeast starters from the middle of the cakes [?].</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">一法,腳醅發,只於酘飯內方煮肉,</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">One method is to distribute the dregs, and only put the boiled meat into the additions of grain.</span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="height: 0px;"><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">取腳醅一處搜拌入甕。</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid #000000 1px; border-left: solid #000000 1px; border-right: solid #000000 1px; border-top: solid #000000 1px; padding: 7px 7px 7px 7px; vertical-align: top;"><div dir="ltr" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">
<span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Take dregs at one time and mix them into the </span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">weng</span><span style="background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 14.666666666666666px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<br />
The wine canon was published in 1117 during the Song dynasty, and according to the dictionary 王力古漢語字典, during the Song dynasty one <i>dou</i> was ten <i>sheng</i>, and one <i>sheng</i> was 670 mL. One <i>jin</i> was 633 grams. That makes the overall recipe call for 18.99 kg of meat and 4.154 L of broth.<br />
<br />
I'm not making this because I don't eat sheep. But maybe someone will.<br />
<br />
<i>Science and Civilisation</i> goes on to point out that this wasn't just this one book. Mutton wine continues on after <i>North Hill</i>, with books in 1235, 1330, sometime in the Yuan dynasty, and 1596 all having recipes.<br />
<br />
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Alec Storyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00060249149152911264noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204672279530552246.post-41371549826747976852016-11-16T00:08:00.002-05:002017-05-09T23:45:52.870-04:00Chinese Mead?Carolingia, the Boston-area SCA group is planning an event in March called the <a href="http://www.ceteros.org/laurels-prize-tourney/">Laurels Prize Tourney</a>, where laurels (people who are Officially Very Good At Arts and Sciences) put out challenges and people try to meet them.<br />
<br />
One of the challenges calls for well-researched mead, and I wondered if I could find any Chinese mead recipes. I know that grain wines were far and away the dominant thing, but there's got to be something out there, right?<br />
<br />
Well, I read through <a href="http://ctext.org/post-han?searchu=%E8%9C%9C">46 pages of search results</a> for every mention of "honey" after the Han dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE) in <a href="http://ctext.org/">the big online repository of Chinese texts</a> and came up with nothing. Rats. I did learn that they preserved plums in honey, which is kind of cool I guess.<br />
<br />
ctext.org doesn't have everything though. And while I was taking a break around page 20, I decided to see what Google could turn up.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mead">English wikipedia</a> mentions <a href="http://www.pnas.org/content/101/51/17593.abstract?sid=0111bfc3-e87b-411a-b12c-8d99d0efbfd9">this paper</a> about a 1000-2000 BCE find supporting a mixed honey, rice and grape fermentation, but having just been disappointed with <a href="http://brewing.alecstory.org/2016/06/mijiaya-or-going-retro.html">the Mijiaya beer</a> (there's no recipe post because it tasted like hot mouth woe) I'd rather take something with a bit more evidence behind it than isotope and residue analyses.<br />
<br />
<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9C%82%E8%9C%9C%E9%85%92">Chinese wikipedia</a> has a more relevant view of history but no citations. We get a single relevant bullet in their "history" section:<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li>Tradition has it that one of the first mead making regions in China was in Gongyan, during the Western Zhou dynasty in 780 BCE, where there was a record of mead making, which also flourished in the Tang (618 - 907 CE) and Song (960 - 1279 CE) periods.</li>
</ul>
<div>
And in the "Uses" section,</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>The <i>Compendium of Materia Medica </i>(本草綱目, first published 1578) thinks that mead can treat some various diseases.</li>
</ul>
<div>
Carrying on with the broad search, there's a <a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E8%9C%9C%E9%85%92%E6%AD%8C%EF%BC%88%E4%B8%A6%E6%95%98%EF%BC%89">poem</a> by Su Shi, who lived from 1037 - 1101 CE. I've translated it poorly:</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
There is a daoist in the west of Shu named Yang Shichang who makes great mead, very rich and strong.<br />
I, having just obtained his recipe, wrote this song to bequeath it.</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Pearls of rice water make sweet-wine, and in July the field-laborer's sweat runs bright.<br />
But it doesn't compare to the spring urn's self-issuing fragrance, bees ploughing and weeding flowers to make grain.<br />
One day, a small boil, with foam like fish spittle, the second day, foggy becomes clear bright and alive.<br />
The third day, when you open the urn, the fragrance fills the room, I quickly pour it into a silver bottle without waiting for it to scatter.<br />
A hundred coins a cup and thick without sound, sweet dew with no turbidity as clear as ghee.<br />
The lord does not see the bees in the south garden picking flowers like rain, who Heaven taught first to brew wine and inebriate the gentleman.<br />
Over the past years the gentleman has become poor to the bone, did he ever beg for grain?<br />
All things in the world truly is unclear and uncertain, but the honeybee's great victory keeps watch over the river.</blockquote>
</div>
<br />
This is way more of a recipe than I expected from a poem.<br />
<br />
Something like:<br />
<br />
<ol>
<li>Boil honey and water (how much?) and place in an urn.</li>
<li>At some point it will clarify.</li>
<li>After clarifying, it'll become fragrant. Bottle it and sell it for $$$.</li>
</ol>
<div>
There are a bunch of medium quality articles on the Chinese internet that I'm reading through as well.</div>
<div>
<a href="http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_9260f8e90101oj3q.html"><br /></a></div>
<div>
<a href="http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_9260f8e90101oj3q.html">This one</a> (which seems to be ripped from <a href="http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NJZZ198503007.htm">this paper</a> which I can only read the abstract of. Chinese internet yaaaay) claims to have a few recipes for mead, including the one mentioned in the above poem.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
They say, and I translate,</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
In 1082 CE, Su Shi [aka Su Dongpo] obtained the secret mead recipe from the Western Shu Daoist Yang Shichang, which used sticky rice and honey as ingredients. I personally brewed an "open fermenter and the fragrance fills the walls" mead. </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
About the method for making "Dongpo mead," <i><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/zh/%E6%9D%B1%E5%9D%A1%E5%BF%97%E6%9E%97">A Collection of the Records of Dongpo</a> </i>has this recorded: "My making of mead is built on [true one water disordered?], and for every <i>dou</i> of grain, use two and a half <i>liang</i> of steamed flour, like the normal method, take dregs from wine, and also put one <i>liang</i> of it into the steamed cakes to ferment them, and after three days, if the flavor is very hot and hard, and then add one <i>dou</i> of cooked grain to it; if it is sweet and soft, then every time you add cooked grain, add an additional half a <i>liang</i>; after another three days, add more, and it'll be done. If all during fermentation the fermenter is full to the brim and you lose it from expansion, adding less water is advisable."</blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
Tang dynasty pharmaceutical texts say that wine was from "millet, other millet, rice, honey, grapes and others" and that "Making wine or short-wine always requires yeast cakes, except honey and grapes, which alone do not. </blockquote>
<br />
There are some leads here. Hopefully I can get enough evidence to make a real recipe.<br />
<br />
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Alec Storyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00060249149152911264noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204672279530552246.post-12495126043121613312016-11-14T22:05:00.002-05:002017-05-09T23:45:21.821-04:00I Found a Better NameI took a trip to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in late September because I thought there was an exhibit on Chinese laquer ware that was going to close soon.<br />
<br />
I had the year wrong, it's opening and closing in 2017. Whoops.<br />
<br />
Instead, I took a stroll through the Chinese collection, on the lookout for drinking cups I could replicate, and took a ton of photos for my friends with research interests. There was a lot of debate about what exactly this woman<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgA81D1-gw7gHptB0OPBItvh-GNaXcljYEQ4oEXDHN9BDoSc5lF_w_FBXMs6l06y4dr7IU_G0eqhRzhLJd9_AZE6iLhsFfhUaG2GtjoAvKGflLWwNjL_461_0Q2v-X1G_6VwXF3WpeaEro/s1600/IMG_20160923_111046.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgA81D1-gw7gHptB0OPBItvh-GNaXcljYEQ4oEXDHN9BDoSc5lF_w_FBXMs6l06y4dr7IU_G0eqhRzhLJd9_AZE6iLhsFfhUaG2GtjoAvKGflLWwNjL_461_0Q2v-X1G_6VwXF3WpeaEro/s320/IMG_20160923_111046.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
is holding happening in the <a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/480109585475451">SCA China facebook group</a>, and I happened to be <i>walking past</i> the statue at the time so I took some video and helped answer the question.<br />
<br />
I also took a look at the scrolls section since I have friends who do beautiful calligraphy and are always looking for ideas.<br />
<br />
I came across <a href="http://metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/45675?sortBy=Relevance&amp;ft=1989.363.44&amp;offset=0&amp;rpp=20&amp;pos=1">this beautiful scroll</a>:<br />
<img src="http://images.metmuseum.org/CRDImages/as/original/DP205754_CRD.jpg" height="257" width="640" /><br />
<br />
Which is titled, politely, "Drinking and composing poetry." Except it isn't. Here's the title colophon<br />
<img src="http://images.metmuseum.org/CRDImages/as/original/DP205752.jpg" height="252" width="640" /><br />
Read right-to-left, these are foot-high characters that read<br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>LITERATURE. DRINKING.</b></span><br />
<br />
I don't think a better name for the blog exists, so I'm taking it.<br />
<br />
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Alec Storyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00060249149152911264noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204672279530552246.post-18713204845288298082016-11-14T21:52:00.000-05:002017-05-09T23:44:44.981-04:00Where We Stand, Where We Go From herePennsic was a whirlwind of activity, and despite me promising to update this blog "real soon I promise" life got in the way.<br />
<br />
I think this is a good time to take inventory of what I've figured out over the past year or so. There are a lot of unanswered questions, but I've made a ton of progress nailing down this process.<br />
<h2>
Yeast Cakes</h2>
<div>
I've got a recipe for "exceptional" yeast cakes that worked once, last year.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
I tried to make it a month ago and it rotted 😑</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
But hey, it worked once.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
I also learned that the warning about "don't store this in a sealed container or it'll turn black and get gross" wasn't kidding, since my cakes did just that. Mr. Jia wasn't joking, apparently.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
The recipe as I handed it out at Pennsic is posted at the bottom.</div>
<h2>
Brewing</h2>
<div>
I made one rice wine for Pennsic that was delightful. Sweet, dark, saucy, it was great. I didn't get to panel it, sadly. I made one short-wine a while ago that also worked well. So I have a process that works sometimes.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Everything else has, frankly, been a disappointment. There's a real challenge to growing the yeast cultures correctly so that the timing works, and I think the degraded yeast cakes are a hindrance. I also think I still haven't steamed the millet right.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
What you get when it doesn't work is either a sour, pale wine, if you had not-steamed-enough-millet. The failed rice short-wines were... stranger. Because the rice cooked fully, but didn't mash (converting starch to sugar), I was left with sour, starchy water with a viscous consistency. It's drinkable, but not actually pleasant in any way.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Mouth-woe, in other words.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
The basic rice wine recipe (YE1W1 for those following along at home) I passed out at Pennsic is at the bottom of this post.</div>
<h2>
Onward!</h2>
<div>
I think I'm going to give up on millet for a while. It's clear that I need polished millet, and figuring out how to do that seems impractical. Later wine books only use rice, and I think there are flavor reasons for that besides the difficulties in steaming and polishing.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
I need a new batch of yeast cakes, so I'll start that soon. One question that's worth testing is whether I can use commercial whole wheat flour for the raw 1/3 of the cakes.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
I also plan to iterate more on the rice wine recipes. On suggestion of someone from the <a href="http://ekbg.eastkingdom.org/">brewers' guild</a>, I bought a 1 gallon widemouth pickle jar, and my local brew shop had a lid for it which can take a bubbler. This will be a lot nicer than using a bowl, and hopefully let me watch the progress of waking up the yeast.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
I've got more translations coming down the pike, but brewing is the bottleneck here, and I hesitate to post them without trying them. The ones with pasteurized wine are super tempting, though.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
I also want to congratulate my friend Vika on her induction into the <a href="http://wiki.eastkingdom.org/index.php?title=Maunche">Order of the Maunche</a>, a big fancy award for being awesome at arts and sciences in the fun-medieval-times group. <a href="https://vikas-vestments.blogspot.com/2016/11/so-this-happened.html">She blogs about clothing</a> and is pretty awesome, so check her out. </div>
<h2>
Recipes</h2>
<h3>
Exceptional Yeast Cakes #1</h3>
Makes about 25<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li>3 pounds whole wheat berries</li>
<li>oil for frying</li>
<li>water</li>
<li>optionally, commercial yeast balls, which can be found in Chinese supermarkets</li>
</ul>
<div>
Directions</div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>Place 1 pound of the berries into the steamer and steam them until they are soft.</li>
<li>While the berries are steaming, stir-fry another pound of the berries in a large frying pan, stirring <i>constantly</i> until they are yellow and fragrant but not burnt. Immediately remove from the heat.</li>
<li>Grind all three pounds of berries well.</li>
<li>Combine all portions. If using, powder and mix in the commercial yeast balls. Form the mix into flattened balls about three inches across and one high, adding just enough water to hold them together.</li>
<li>Place the balls in a clean box with limited but not completely restricted air flow. They'll drip, so make sure it's on a plate.</li>
<li>Appease your gods, and make sacrifices to statues made of the paste as necessary.</li>
<li>After seven days, flip the cakes.</li>
<li>After seven days, gather the cakes in a pile.</li>
<li>After seven days, take the cakes out. When dry enough, thread twine through the middle of them using a clean needle, and hang them to finish drying.</li>
<li>Store in an open container.</li>
</ol>
<h3>
Exceptional Yeast Cakes #1 Wine #1</h3>
</div>
<div>
Scaled to 100 mL of yeast cakes, which uses 2.1L of millet or 1.8L of rice and makes about 2 L of wine.</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>100 mL powdered exceptional yeast cakes, about one cake</li>
<li>2.1 L dry white millet <i>or</i> 1.8 L dry white sticky rice</li>
<li>water</li>
</ul>
<div>
Directions</div>
</div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>Dry the yeast cakes completely, and scrub them clean.</li>
<li>Crush and grind the cakes into powder. Soak them in 500 mL water for three days until they start to bubble, and add them to your fermenter.</li>
<li>Rinse and soak 300 mL of dry grain overnight.</li>
<li>If using millet,</li>
<ol>
<li>Steam the millet for 20 minutes in a steamer lined with cloth.</li>
<li>Spread the millet to cool.</li>
<li>When cool, steam for another 20 minutes or until fully cooked.</li>
</ol>
<li>If using rice,</li>
<ol>
<li>Steam the rice in a steamer lined with cloth just until steam issues from the steamer</li>
<li>Take the rice out, and cover it with boiling water.</li>
</ol>
<li>Spread the grain to cool, and then add to the fermenter.</li>
<li>Add water. It's unclear how much to add.</li>
<li>The next day, repeat steps 3-8 with 300 mL of grain.</li>
<li>The next day, repeat steps 3-8 with 1L of grain.</li>
<li>If using millet, three days later repeat steps 3-8 with 300 mL of grain.</li>
<li>Several days or weeks later, once the mash has finished fermenting, transfer it into a cheesecloth or strainer bag and press it to extract the wine. You will need a good amount of force to separate the liquid. Fully pressed mash is about the consistency of cooked cornmeal, like a tamale.</li>
<li>Optionally filter a second time through silk. Liner silk works.</li>
<li>Transfer to a closed container, let settle, then decant and bottle.</li>
</ol>
<div>
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Alec Storyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00060249149152911264noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8204672279530552246.post-68688345249374920752016-06-06T21:14:00.003-04:002017-05-09T23:44:21.922-04:00Mijiaya, or Going RetroOn the outskirts of Xi'an, the Chan River flows. It eventually meets the Wei River, which flows into the Yellow river. On a dusty terrace above the river is a site called <a href="https://goo.gl/maps/23BWqyWXoW62">Mijiaya</a>, where excavations in the 2000s uncovered pottery dating from 3400 BCE to 2000 BCE.<br />
<br />
Some of the earliest potter, from 3400 BCE to 2900 BCE, the late <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangshao_culture">Yangshao period</a>, includes parts of an amphora, an urn and a funnel. This May, some archaeologists at Stanford published an analysis of residue on the pottery: http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2016/05/18/1601465113<br />
<br />
It's malted barley, along with millet, something called Job's tears, and some other starches.<br />
<br />
I think this is awesome! We know that alcohol production in China predates writing. <i>The Records of the Grand Historian</i> (<u>史記</u>) from 50 BCE discusses King Zhou, the last king of the Shang dynasty, who reigned 1075–1046 BCE:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial" , "helvetica"; font-size: 13.3333px;">[He] made a pond of wine, hung the trees with meat, made men and women chase each other about quite naked, and had drinking bouts the whole night long. <a href="http://ctext.org/dictionary.pl?if=en&id=4570#s10051566">source</a></span></blockquote>
<i>Science and Civilisation in China</i> includes pictures of brewing vessels - amphorae, urns, funnels - from that era, which have residues of Foxtail millet. Liquid wine was found in a bronze Shang dynasty vessel at <a href="https://goo.gl/maps/7aDA5KEEsG52">Tianhu Village</a> in Hebei but no analysis was done on it, and one kind of alcoholic beverage, 醴 (lǐ) is mentioned on Shang oracle bones.<br />
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So we know that alcohol production was going strong by around 1000 BCE. The myths surrounding the invention of alcohol put it firmly in "definitely fictional prehistory" territory (Du Kang, this blog's namesake, was the mythical inventor, and he supposedly worked for the Yellow Emperor himself). Some historical texts push "documentable" wine back to the early Xia dynasty, but I don't trust historians writing about events that happened 1500 years prior to them very much.<br />
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The pottery evidence in <i>Science and Civilisation</i> does go back to 3000 BCE and beyond. The authors suspect malted grain as the sugar source, as well as fruits. There are a variety of different words for alcohol with different significances but that's not worth digging into here.<br />
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<i>Science and Civilisation</i> suggests that these beverages were made by mixing cooked grain (millet, rice) with malted barley. There's a long argument about when the fungal mash I've been using in the rest of this blog came about, but by 200 BCE it was all anyone was using. <i>Qimin Yaoshu</i> has instructions for malting wheat and barley, but only uses it to make sugar.<br />
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This is a bit outside of what I've been working on, but it should be a fun break while I work on making enough different wines for Pennsic.<br />
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Stay tuned for an attempt at a recipe! I've got whole barley, Job's tears and more millet standing by.<br />
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Alec Storyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00060249149152911264noreply@blogger.com0